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The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is a 10-item questionnaire that was developed to identify women who have postpartum depression. [1] Items of the scale correspond to various clinical depression symptoms, such as guilt feeling, sleep disturbance, low energy, anhedonia, and suicidal ideation. Overall assessment is done by total ...
Postpartum depression (PPD), also called perinatal depression, is a mood disorder which may be experienced by pregnant or postpartum individuals. [3] Symptoms include extreme sadness, low energy, anxiety, crying episodes, irritability, and changes in sleeping or eating patterns. [1]
Postpartum psychosis is a rare condition, affecting 1-2 per 1000 women. [26] [27] Postpartum psychosis is classified as a psychiatric emergency and requires hospital admission. Additionally, a variety of medical co-morbidities can mimic or worsen psychiatric symptoms.
In support of this, Hagen found that postpartum depression in one spouse was related to increased levels of child investment in the other spouse. Furthermore, support was also found for a reduction in rates of postpartum depression for older women with few future reproductive opportunities. [35] Another study reported similar findings. [36]
Calcium and iron needs increase postpartum. [19] Calories may need to increase by 333 kcal/day during the first four to six weeks postpartum and then by 400 kcal/day 6 months postpartum. [2] Other foods or substances are not recommended postpartum if breastfeeding because they may have effects on the baby via breastmilk.
Other tools used for assessment include: Fetal screening is used to help assess the viability of the fetus, as well as congenital abnormalities. [30] Fetal karyotype can be used for the screening of genetic diseases. This can be obtained via amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling (CVS [31])
Postpartum psychosis ... There are currently no screening or assessment tools available to diagnose PPP; ... resulting in maternal mortality rates up to 10%.
The postpartum period can be divided into three distinct stages; the initial or acute phase, 8–19 hours after childbirth; subacute postpartum period, which lasts two to six weeks, and the delayed postpartum period, which can last up to six months. [5] In the subacute postpartum period, 87% to 94% of women report at least one health problem.
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