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Artha as a concept includes multiple meanings. It is difficult to capture the meaning of artha, or related terms of dharma, kama and moksha, each in a single English word. [9] Artha, as a goal of life, involves the pursuit of wealth and power. Some traditions see it as the primary human objective, as noted in Manusmriti (2.224).
Separating concepts in Hinduism from concepts specific to Indian culture, or from the language itself, can be difficult. Many Sanskrit concepts have an Indian secular meaning as well as a Hindu dharmic meaning. One example is the concept of Dharma. [4] Sanskrit, like all languages, contains words whose meanings differ across various contexts.
In Hindu temple architecture, Ardhamandapa (lit. half-open hall), also spelled artha mandapam or ardh mandapam, is an important element of the entrance group. It is an entrance porch forming a transitional area between the outside and a mandapa of the temple. [1] [2]
Artha – signifies the "means of life", activities and resources that enables one to be in a state one wants to be in. [20] Artha incorporates wealth, career, activity to make a living, financial security and economic prosperity. The proper pursuit of artha is considered an important aim of human life in Hinduism. [21] [22]
Gṛhastha is considered to be the most intense of all four stages, where a man or woman pursues all four goals of life, with greater emphasis on first three - Dharma, Artha and Kama. [4] [5] [12] In contrast, Sannyasa is the stage where the individual renounces Artha and Kama, and pursues Moksha with a single minded pursuit. [4] [7]
In Hindu temple architecture, a ratha is a vertical offset projection on the plan of a structure, particularly of the shikhara above the sanctum. [1] [2] The term has the same meaning when applied to the forms of the bases of statues. A ratha is generally carried up from the bottom of the temple to the superstructure.
The Vishnudharmottara Purana is a Vaishnava-tradition text. It includes mythology and dharma legends, has sections on cosmology, cosmogony, geography, astronomy, astrology, division of time, genealogies (mostly of kings and sages), manners and customs, charity, penances, law and politics, war strategies, medicines and their preparation for human beings and animals, cuisine, grammar, metrics ...
Hindu art found its first inspiration in the Buddhist art of Mathura. The three Vedic gods Indra , Brahma and Surya were actually first depicted in Buddhist sculpture, as attendants in scenes commemorating the life of the Buddha, such as his Birth, his Descent from the Trāyastriṃśa Heaven , or his retreat in the Indrasala Cave . [ 13 ]