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For any (a, b) satisfying the given condition, let k = a 2 + b 2 + 1 / ab and rearrange and substitute to get x 2 − (kb) x + (b 2 + 1) = 0. One root to this quadratic is a, so by Vieta's formulas the other root may be written as follows: x 2 = kb − a = b 2 + 1 / a . The first equation shows that x 2 is an
Vieta's formulas can be proved by considering the equality + + + + = () (which is true since ,, …, are all the roots of this polynomial), expanding the products in the right-hand side, and equating the coefficients of each power of between the two members of the equation.
Quadratic function#Upper bound on the magnitude of the roots; Real-root isolation – Methods for locating real roots of a polynomial; Root-finding of polynomials – Algorithms for finding zeros of polynomials; Square-free polynomial – Polynomial with no repeated root; Vieta's formulas – Relating coefficients and roots of a polynomial
Then they can be divided out and the resulting quadratic equation solved. In general, there exist only four possible cases of quartic equations with multiple roots, which are listed below: [3] Multiplicity-4 (M4): when the general quartic equation can be expressed as () =, for some real number. This case can always be reduced to a biquadratic ...
(This is also true of quadratic (second-degree) and quartic (fourth-degree) equations, but not for higher-degree equations, by the Abel–Ruffini theorem.) trigonometrically; numerical approximations of the roots can be found using root-finding algorithms such as Newton's method. The coefficients do not need to be real numbers.
Each coordinate of the intersection points of two conic sections is a solution of a quartic equation. The same is true for the intersection of a line and a torus.It follows that quartic equations often arise in computational geometry and all related fields such as computer graphics, computer-aided design, computer-aided manufacturing and optics.
François Viète (French: [fʁɑ̃swa vjɛt]; 1540 – 23 February 1603), known in Latin as Franciscus Vieta, was a French mathematician whose work on new algebra was an important step towards modern algebra, due to his innovative use of letters as parameters in equations.
In elementary algebra, methods such as the quadratic formula are taught for solving all first degree and second degree polynomial equations in one variable. There are also formulas for the cubic and quartic equations. For higher degrees, the Abel–Ruffini theorem asserts that there can not exist a general formula in radicals.
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