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Hydraulic fracturing is a driver of climate change. [4] [29] However, whether natural gas produced by hydraulic fracturing causes higher well-to-burner emissions than gas produced from conventional wells is a matter of contention. Some studies have found that hydraulic fracturing has higher emissions due to methane released during completing ...
Hydraulic fracturing uses between 1.2 and 3.5 million US gallons (4,500 and 13,200 m 3) of water per well, with large projects using up to 5 million US gallons (19,000 m 3). Additional water is used when wells are refractured. [28] [29] An average well requires 3 to 8 million US gallons (11,000 to 30,000 m 3) of water over its lifetime.
Hydraulic fracturing [a] is a well stimulation technique involving the fracturing of formations in bedrock by a pressurized liquid. The process involves the high-pressure injection of "fracking fluid" (primarily water, containing sand or other proppants suspended with the aid of thickening agents) into a wellbore to create cracks in the deep rock formations through which natural gas, petroleum ...
The EPA responded with a study of potential and actual impacts of hydraulic fracturing of coalbed methane wells on drinking water, published in 2004. Section 7.4 of the report "concluded that the injection of hydraulic fracturing fluids into coalbed methane wells poses little or no threat to USDWs and does not justify additional study at this ...
Hydraulic fracturing is the propagation of fractures in a rock layer by pressurized fluid. Induced hydraulic fracturing or hydrofracking, commonly known as fracking, is a technique used to release petroleum, natural gas (including shale gas, tight gas and coal seam gas), or other substances for extraction, particularly from unconventional reservoirs. [1]
In the US, about 750 compounds have been listed as additives for hydraulic fracturing, also known as ingredients of pressurized fracking fluid, [9] in an industry report to the US Congress in 2011 [10] [11] The following is a partial list of the chemical constituents in additives that are used or may have been used in fracturing operations. [12]
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The book primarily focuses on the Hane family, particularly Stacey Haney and her children, as they deal with the consequences of fracking in their community. Griswold provides an intimate and in-depth look at how fracking operations affect the lives of ordinary people, from water contamination to health problems and legal battles.