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The Hofmann–Martius rearrangement in organic chemistry is a rearrangement reaction converting an N-alkylated aniline to the corresponding ortho and / or para aryl-alkylated aniline. The reaction requires heat, and the catalyst is an acid like hydrochloric acid .
The Hofmann rearrangement (Hofmann degradation) is the organic reaction of a primary amide to a primary amine with one less carbon atom. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The reaction involves oxidation of the nitrogen followed by rearrangement of the carbonyl and nitrogen to give an isocyanate intermediate.
The formation of the quinoline product is influenced by the interaction of both steric and electronic effects.In a recent study, Sloop [8] investigated how substituents would influence the regioselectivity of the product as well as the rate of reaction during the rate-determining step in a modified Combes pathway, which produced trifluoromethylquinoline as the product.
Hofmann Isonitrile synthesis, Carbylamine reaction; Hofmann product; Hofmann rearrangement; Hofmann–Löffler reaction, Löffler–Freytag reaction, Hofmann–Löffler–Freytag reaction; Hofmann–Martius rearrangement; Hofmann's rule; Hofmann–Sand reaction; Homo rearrangement of steroids; Hooker reaction; Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons ...
The rule states that with the addition of a protic acid HX or other polar reagent to an asymmetric alkene, the acid hydrogen (H) or electropositive part gets attached to the carbon with more hydrogen substituents, and the halide (X) group or electronegative part gets attached to the carbon with more alkyl substituents.
This organic reaction is closely related to the Hofmann elimination, but the base is a part of the leaving group. Sulfoxides can undergo an essentially identical reaction to produce sulfenic acids, which is important in the antioxidant chemistry of garlic and other alliums. Selenoxides likewise undergo selenoxide eliminations.
An elimination reaction is a type of organic reaction in which two substituents are removed from a molecule in either a one- or two-step mechanism. [2] The one-step mechanism is known as the E2 reaction, and the two-step mechanism is known as the E1 reaction. The numbers refer not to the number of steps in the mechanism, but rather to the ...
Many redox reactions in organic chemistry have coupling reaction reaction mechanism involving free radical intermediates. True organic redox chemistry can be found in electrochemical organic synthesis or electrosynthesis. Examples of organic reactions that can take place in an electrochemical cell are the Kolbe electrolysis. [3]