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  2. Merge algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merge_algorithm

    In addition, the std::list (linked list) class has its own merge method which merges another list into itself. The type of the elements merged must support the less-than (<) operator, or it must be provided with a custom comparator. C++17 allows for differing execution policies, namely sequential, parallel, and parallel-unsequenced. [11]

  3. Merge sort - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merge_sort

    In computer science, Merge Sort (also commonly spelled as mergesort and as merge-sort [2]) is an efficient, general-purpose, and comparison-based sorting algorithm.Most implementations produce a stable sort, which means that the relative order of equal elements is the same in the input and output.

  4. Divide-and-conquer algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divide-and-conquer_algorithm

    The divide-and-conquer technique is the basis of efficient algorithms for many problems, such as sorting (e.g., quicksort, merge sort), multiplying large numbers (e.g., the Karatsuba algorithm), finding the closest pair of points, syntactic analysis (e.g., top-down parsers), and computing the discrete Fourier transform . [1]

  5. k-way merge algorithm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K-way_merge_algorithm

    The classic merge outputs the data item with the lowest key at each step; given some sorted lists, it produces a sorted list containing all the elements in any of the input lists, and it does so in time proportional to the sum of the lengths of the input lists. Denote by A[1..p] and B[1..q] two arrays sorted in increasing order.

  6. Fold (higher-order function) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fold_(higher-order_function)

    Folds can be regarded as consistently replacing the structural components of a data structure with functions and values. Lists, for example, are built up in many functional languages from two primitives: any list is either an empty list, commonly called nil ([]), or is constructed by prefixing an element in front of another list, creating what is called a cons node ( Cons(X1,Cons(X2,Cons ...

  7. Merge-insertion sort - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merge-insertion_sort

    Merge-insertion sort also performs fewer comparisons than the sorting numbers, which count the comparisons made by binary insertion sort or merge sort in the worst case. The sorting numbers fluctuate between n log 2 ⁡ n − 0.915 n {\displaystyle n\log _{2}n-0.915n} and n log 2 ⁡ n − n {\displaystyle n\log _{2}n-n} , with the same leading ...

  8. Three-way comparison - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-way_comparison

    In C, the functions strcmp and memcmp perform a three-way comparison between strings and memory buffers, respectively. They return a negative number when the first argument is lexicographically smaller than the second, zero when the arguments are equal, and a positive number otherwise.

  9. Batcher odd–even mergesort - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batcher_odd–even_mergesort

    Batcher's odd–even mergesort [1] is a generic construction devised by Ken Batcher for sorting networks of size O(n (log n) 2) and depth O((log n) 2), where n is the number of items to be sorted. Although it is not asymptotically optimal, Knuth concluded in 1998, with respect to the AKS network that "Batcher's method is much better, unless n ...