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2. Freight rate - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freight_rate

   Many shipping services, especially air carriers, use dimensional weight for calculating the price, which takes into account both weight and volume of the cargo. For example, bulk coal long-distance rates in America are approximately 1 cent/ton-mile. [2] So a 100 car train, each carrying 100 tons, over a distance of 1000 miles, would cost $100,000.

3. Dimensional weight - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimensional_weight

   Shipping costs have historically been calculated on the basis of gross weight in kilograms or pounds.By charging only by weight, lightweight, low density packages become unprofitable for freight carriers due to the amount of space they take up in the truck/aircraft/ship in proportion to their actual weight.

4. Currency adjustment factor - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currency_adjustment_factor

   A currency adjustment factor (CAF) is a fee placed on top of freighting charges for carrier companies developed to account for constantly changing exchange rates between the dollar and other currencies. Its goal is to offset any losses from fluctuating exchange rates for carriers. [1] Calculation basis and methodology may vary from carrier to ...

5. Geographical pricing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographical_pricing

   Instead of using circles, irregularly shaped price boundaries can be drawn that reflect geography, population density, transportation infrastructure, and shipping cost. (The term "zone pricing" can also refer to the practice of setting prices that reflect local competitive conditions, i.e., the market forces of supply and demand, rather than ...

6. Worldscale - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worldscale

   Worldscale is a unified system of establishing payment of freight rate for a given oil tanker's cargo. Worldscale was established in November 1952 by London Tanker Brokers' Panel on the request of British Petroleum and Shell as an average total cost of shipping oil from one port to another by ship.

7. Freight transport - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freight_transport

   Global freight volumes according to mode of transport in trillions of tonne-kilometres in 2010. In 2015, 108 trillion tonne-kilometers were transported worldwide (anticipated to grow by 3.4% per year until 2050 (128 Trillion in 2020)): 70% by sea, 18% by road, 9% by rail, 2% by inland waterways and less than 0.25% by air.