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An empty Go board, with the 19×19 intersecting lines. The Go board, called the goban 碁盤 in Japanese, is the playing surface on which to place the stones. The standard board is marked with a 19×19 grid. Smaller boards include a 13×13 grid and a 9×9 grid used for shorter games that are often used to teach beginners.
Go is an adversarial game between two players with the objective of capturing territory. That is, occupying and surrounding a larger total empty area of the board with one's stones than the opponent. [21] As the game progresses, the players place stones on the board creating stone "formations" and enclosing spaces.
Step 2 of a play. (After playing their stone) a player removes from the board any stones of their opponent's color that have no liberties. The stones removed from the board are said to have been captured by the player moving. The diagrams below show the capture of a white stone by Black. To begin with, the white stone has a single liberty at a.
Some authors of English-language Go materials avoid use of Japanese technical terms, and the way they are applied can differ in subtle ways from the original meanings. A few Korean-language terms have come into use (e.g., haengma as a way of describing the development of stones). [1] [2]
Connecting individual stones into a single group results in an increase of liberties; for instance, a single stone played in the center of the board has four liberties, while two adjacent stones in the center of the board form a unit with six; to capture the unit, an opponent would have to play stones on all of its liberties.
Tibetan Go is played on a 17×17 board, and starts with six stones (called Bo) from each color placed on the third line. White makes the first move. [1] There is a unique ko rule: a stone may not be played at an intersection where the opponent has just removed a stone.
For example, if the appropriate handicap is 9 (i.e., 8.5) stones on a 19×19 board, the handicap between those two players is reduced to 4 (because 3.5 × 2.5 = 8.75) stones on a 13x13 board and 2 (1.5 × 6 = 9) stones on a 9×9 board. A 5 (i.e., 4.5) stone handicap on a 9×9 board is accordingly equivalent to a handicap of 27 or 28 stones on a ...
It is traditionally played with Go pieces (black and white stones) on a 15×15 Go board [1] [2] while in the past a 19×19 board was standard. [3] [4] Because pieces are typically not moved or removed from the board, gomoku may also be played as a paper-and-pencil game. The game is known in several countries under different names.