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Dental intrusion is an apical displacement of the tooth into the alveolar bone. This injury is accompanied by extensive damage to periodontal ligament , cementum , disruption of the neurovascular supply to the pulp, and communication or fracture of the alveolar socket.
Trauma to primary teeth occurs most commonly at the age of two to three years, during the development of motor coordination. [7] When primary teeth are injured, the resulting treatment prioritises the safety of the adult tooth, [7] and should avoid any risk of damaging the permanent successors. [8]
Dental trauma is a major global health issue and it affects 17.5% of children and adolescents. [9] It is most commonly seen in school children. Dental subluxation is one of the most common traumatic injuries in primary dentition. Maxillary central incisors are the most commonly affected teeth.
If apex of tooth is displaced towards the palate and making contact with the tooth germ then tooth is extracted Intrusive Luxation: Displacement of tooth into the alveolar bone (pushed into the socket) causing fracture of the alveolar bone. It is the most damaging injury to the tooth and supporting tissues as ankylosis and pulp necrosis can occur.
For other cases, there are several theories explaining the cause. Dental trauma may be a major cause for the disease since it can lead to luxation, reported in 30 to 44% of all dental trauma cases, and hence replacement resorption, which is the situation in ankylosis of teeth. [10]
Dental avulsion is a type of dental trauma, and the prevalence of dental trauma is estimated at 17.5% and varies with geographical area. [36] Although dental trauma is relatively low, dental avulsion is the fourth most prevalent type of dental trauma. [37] Dental avulsion is more prevalent in males than females.
The primary cause of enamel wear in the grooves is the direct mechanical forces applied during chewing, such as vertical pressure and lateral forces as teeth grind or shear food. Particularly in areas where food is more frequently trapped or where contact is poor, the continuous friction between the food and the tooth surface causes abrasion ...
In young children many cases of dilaceration occur due to some kind of trauma to the tooth, commonly causing dislocation of the tooth affecting its direction and growth. [10] Once a trauma has occurred dilaceration can be prevented by yearly visits to the dentist and maintaining radiographic images to note any changes that may occur.