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White line disease is most often seen in moist, humid areas with large annual rainfall totals. The exact organism that causes white line disease is not known, but it is known to be caused by bacteria in the soil getting into a weakened spot in the hoof wall, such as a quarter crack, which then sets up a fungal infection that leads to the disease.
The hoof of a foal with HWSD HWSD causes the layers within the dorsal hoof wall (brown, far right) to separate from each other. Hoof wall separation disease (HWSD) is an autosomal recessive genetic hoof disease in horses. [1] Research is being carried out at, among others, UC Davis School of Veterinary Medicine in Davis, California. [2]
White line, the Vatican-Italy border, painted for Hugh O'Flaherty; White line, part of a horse hoof. White line disease, a fungal infection of the horse's hoof; Hilton white line or anocutaneous line, a boundary in the anal canal
This will lead to irregular horn growth and chronic lameness, and horses will suffer from laminitis "flares." Inappropriate hoof growth will occur: the dorsal horn will have a tendency to grow outward rather than down, the heels will grow faster than the toe, and the white line will widen, leading to a potential space for packing of debris.
Hoof cracks are separations or breaks in the wall of a hoof. The most common type of hoof cracks are quarter cracks, which occur at the quarter, the thinnest and most delicate part of the hoof wall. Injury to the site may be the result of common things such as hard racetracks and uneven surfaces. [ 83 ]
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The white line is the inner layer of the wall. It is softer and fibrous in structure and light in color; white in a freshly trimmed hoof, yellowish or gray after exposure to air and dirt. From the underside of the healthy hoof, it is seen as a thin line joining the sole and the walls. The white line grows out from the laminar connections.
"Hoof Health Starts with the Heifer". American Dairymen. Wynands, E. M.; Caixeta, L. S.; Cramer, G. (19 May 2022). "Using a target trial approach to evaluate the role of hyperketonemia in sole ulcer and white line hoof lesion development". Journal of Dairy Science. 105 (7): 6164–6174. doi: 10.3168/jds.2021-21694. PMID 35599034.
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