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Knee effusion, informally known as water on the knee, occurs when excess synovial fluid accumulates in or around the knee joint. It has many common causes, including arthritis , injury to the ligaments or meniscus , or fluid collecting in the bursa , a condition known as prepatellar bursitis .
Septic arthritis is the purulent invasion of a joint by an infectious agent [5] [6] with a resultant large effusion due to inflammation. [7] Septic arthritis is a serious condition. It can lead to irreversible joint damage in the event of delayed diagnosis or mismanagement. It is basically a disease of children and adolescence. [6]
Arthrocentesis, or joint aspiration, is the clinical procedure performed to diagnose and, in some cases, treat musculoskeletal conditions. The procedure entails using a syringe to collect synovial fluid from or inject medication into the joint capsule .
Initial treatment typically includes antibiotics such as vancomycin, ceftriaxone or ceftazidime. [2] Surgery in the form of joint drainage is the gold standard management in large joints like the hip and shoulder. [2] [5] [8] Without early treatment, long-term joint problems may occur, such as irreversible joint destruction and dislocation. [2]
Between periods of effusion, knee swelling reduces dramatically providing largely symptomless intervals. Unlike some other rheumatological conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, laboratory findings are usually within normal ranges or limits. Clear treatment options have yet to be established. NSAIDs and COX2-inhibitors are generally not ...
[7] [8] Other signs and symptoms, as with any joint affected by osteoarthritis, include: Loss of motion stiffness, which can be worse after a period of rest, such as when one awakes in the morning. Deformity of the wrist. There is a characteristic dorsal radial fullness related to osteophytes and joint effusion.
A definitive diagnosis can usually be made once a clinical history and physical examination have been obtained, though determining whether or not the inflammation is septic is not as straightforward. Treatment depends on the severity of the symptoms, with mild cases possibly only requiring rest and localized icing .
Ultrasound-guided hip joint injection is a joint injection in the hip, assisted by medical ultrasound. Hip and groin pain often presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The differential diagnosis is extensive, comprising intra-articular and extra-articular pathology and referred pain from lumbar spine, knee and elsewhere in the pelvis.