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Generative pretraining (GP) was a long-established concept in machine learning applications. [16] [17] It was originally used as a form of semi-supervised learning, as the model is trained first on an unlabelled dataset (pretraining step) by learning to generate datapoints in the dataset, and then it is trained to classify a labelled dataset.
An entity–relationship model (or ER model) describes interrelated things of interest in a specific domain of knowledge. A basic ER model is composed of entity types (which classify the things of interest) and specifies relationships that can exist between entities (instances of those entity types).
Generative AI systems trained on words or word tokens include GPT-3, GPT-4, GPT-4o, LaMDA, LLaMA, BLOOM, Gemini and others (see List of large language models). They are capable of natural language processing , machine translation , and natural language generation and can be used as foundation models for other tasks. [ 62 ]
A large language model (LLM) is a type of machine learning model designed for natural language processing tasks such as language generation.LLMs are language models with many parameters, and are trained with self-supervised learning on a vast amount of text.
Three levels of view are defined in IDEF1X: entity relationship (ER), key-based (KB), and fully attributed (FA). They differ in level of abstraction. The ER level is the most abstract. It models the most fundamental elements of the subject area - the entities and their relationships. It is usually broader in scope than the other levels.
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A chatbot (originally chatterbot) [1] is a software application or web interface designed to have textual or spoken conversations. [2] [3] [4] Modern chatbots are typically online and use generative artificial intelligence systems that are capable of maintaining a conversation with a user in natural language and simulating the way a human would behave as a conversational partner.
ChatGPT is a generative artificial intelligence chatbot developed by OpenAI and launched in 2022. It is currently based on the GPT-4o large language model (LLM). ChatGPT can generate human-like conversational responses and enables users to refine and steer a conversation towards a desired length, format, style, level of detail, and language. [2]