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The proposed reaction mechanisms involve the creation of a highly reactive carbon radical from carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide which then reacts with photogenerated protons to ultimately form methane. Efficiencies of TiO 2-based photocatalysts are low, although nanostructures such as carbon nanotubes [58] and metallic nanoparticles [59] help.
Photochemical reduction of carbon dioxide harnesses solar energy to convert CO 2 into higher-energy products. Environmental interest in producing artificial systems is motivated by recognition that CO 2 is a greenhouse gas. The process has not been commercialized.
Photoelectrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide, also known as photoelectrolysis of carbon dioxide, is a chemical process whereby carbon dioxide is reduced to carbon monoxide or hydrocarbons by the energy of incident light. This process requires catalysts, most of which are semiconducting materials.
In photocatalysis the electron-hole pair is immediately used to drive a redox reaction. However, the electron-hole pairs suffer from fast recombination. In photoelectrocatalysis, a differential potential is applied to diminish the number of recombinations between the electrons and the holes.
The process by which a photon initiates a chemical reaction directly is known as photolysis; if this process is aided by a catalyst, it is called photocatalysis. [27] If a photon has more energy than a material's characteristic band gap, it can free an electron upon absorption by the material.
Photodissociation, photolysis, photodecomposition, or photofragmentation is a chemical reaction in which molecules of a chemical compound are broken down by absorption of light or photons.
Photoredox catalysis is a branch of photochemistry that uses single-electron transfer.Photoredox catalysts are generally drawn from three classes of materials: transition-metal complexes, organic dyes, and semiconductors.
The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide, also known as CO2RR, is the conversion of carbon dioxide (CO 2) to more reduced chemical species using electrical energy. It represents one potential step in the broad scheme of carbon capture and utilization .