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Haloperidol is used in the treatment of schizophrenia, tics in Tourette syndrome, mania in bipolar disorder, delirium, agitation, acute psychosis, and hallucinations from alcohol withdrawal. [9][10][11] It may be used by mouth or injection into a muscle or a vein. [9] Haloperidol typically works within 30 to 60 minutes. [9]
Haloperidol decanoate is provided in the form of 50 or 100 mg/mL oil solution of sesame oil and benzyl alcohol in ampoules or pre-filled syringes. [6] [7] [9] Its elimination half-life after multiple doses is 21 days. [10] [11] The medication is marketed in many countries throughout the world. [3] [12
The use of antipsychotics may result in many unwanted side effects such as involuntary movement disorders, gynecomastia, impotence, weight gain and metabolic syndrome. Long-term use can produce adverse effects such as tardive dyskinesia, tardive dystonia, and tardive akathisia.
Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic used medically for induction and maintenance of anesthesia. It is also used as a treatment for depression and in pain management. [19] Ketamine is an NMDA receptor antagonist which accounts for most of its psychoactive effects. [20]
Typical antipsychotic. Typical antipsychotics (also known as major tranquilizers, and first generation antipsychotics) are a class of antipsychotic drugs first developed in the 1950s and used to treat psychosis (in particular, schizophrenia). Typical antipsychotics may also be used for the treatment of acute mania, agitation, and other conditions.
Cyanide is a potent cytochrome c oxidase (COX, a.k.a. Complex IV) inhibitor, causing asphyxiation of cells. As such, cyanide poisoning is a form of histotoxic hypoxia, because it interferes with the ability of cells to take or use oxygen via oxidative phosphorylation. [ 25 ]: 1475. Specifically, cyanide binds to the heme a3-CuB binuclear center ...
History of HIV/AIDS. False-color scanning electron micrograph of HIV-1, in green, budding from cultured lymphocyte. AIDS is caused by a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which originated in non-human primates in Central and West Africa. While various sub-groups of the virus acquired human infectivity at different times, the present pandemic ...
Clonazepam was patented in 1960 and went on sale in 1975 in the United States from Roche. [16] [17] It is available as a generic medication. [11] In 2022, it was the 57th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 11 million prescriptions. [18] [19] In many areas of the world, it is commonly used as a recreational ...