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Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid, is an organic compound and a vitamer of vitamin B 3, an essential human nutrient. [3] It is produced by plants and animals from the amino acid tryptophan. [4] Niacin is obtained in the diet from a variety of whole and processed foods, with highest contents in fortified packaged foods, meat, poultry, red ...
Vitamin B3, colloquially referred to as niacin, is a vitamin family that includes three forms, or vitamers: niacin (nicotinic acid), nicotinamide (niacinamide), and nicotinamide riboside. [1] All three forms of vitamin B 3 are converted within the body to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). [1] NAD is required for human life and people are ...
B vitamins are a class of water-soluble vitamins that play important roles in cell metabolism and synthesis of red blood cells. [1][2] They are a chemically diverse class of compounds. [1] Dietary supplements containing all eight are referred to as a vitamin B complex. Individual B vitamins are referred to by B-number or by chemical name, such ...
Niacin is a precursor to coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), which is essential to all cellular processes involved in immune response and DNA-repairing of photodamaged skin cells. [5] [6] Niacin has also been used and tested for the purpose of enhancing detoxification by removing skin lipid-stored xenobiotics. [7] [8] [9] [10]
DNA damage resulting in multiple broken chromosomes. DNA repair is a collection of processes by which a cell identifies and corrects damage to the DNA molecules that encode its genome. [1] In human cells, both normal metabolic activities and environmental factors such as radiation can cause DNA damage, resulting in tens of thousands of ...
The schematic diagram indicates the roles of insufficient DNA repair in aging and cancer, and the role of apoptosis in cancer prevention. An excess of naturally occurring DNA damage, due to inherited deficiencies in particular DNA repair enzymes, can cause premature aging or increased risk for cancer (see DNA repair-deficiency disorder).
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide consists of two nucleosides joined by pyrophosphate. The nucleosides each contain a ribose ring, one with adenine attached to the first carbon atom (the 1' position) (adenosine diphosphate ribose) and the other with nicotinamide at this position. [4][5] The redox reactions of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin involved in metabolism. [2] It is one of eight B vitamins. It is required by animals, which use it as a cofactor in DNA synthesis, and in both fatty acid and amino acid metabolism. [3]