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[2] [3] Second only to pipelines in terms of efficiency, [3] the average cost of transport of crude oil by tanker amounts to only US$5 to $8 per cubic metre ($0.02 to $0.03 per US gallon). [3] Some specialized types of oil tankers have evolved. One of these is the naval replenishment oiler, a tanker which can fuel a moving vessel.
In 1910, Standard Oil started using motor tankers. [4] Anglo American Oil introduced underground tanks and delivery tankers to the UK in 1920. [5] Pickfords took over an oil tanker company in 1921 and soon had 1,000 imperial gallons (4,500 L; 1,200 US gal) tankers, with 3,600 imp gal (16,000 L; 4,300 US gal) by the mid 1930s. [6]
DOT-111 tank car. A DOT-111 tank car, specification 111A100W1, constructed by fusion welding carbon steel. This car has a capacity of 30,110 US gallons (113,979 L; 25,071.8 imp gal), a test pressure of 100 psi (690 kPa), a tare weight of 65,000 pounds (29,500 kg) and a load limit of 198,000 pounds (89,800 kg).
1869: Wrought iron tanks, with an approximate capacity of 3,500 US gal (13 m 3; 2,900 imp gal) per car, replace wooden tanks. 1888: Tank-car manufacturers sell units directly to the oil companies, with capacities ranging from 6,000 to 10,000 US gal (23–38 m 3; 5,000–8,300 imp gal).
TI-class supertanker. Hellespont Tara (later TI Europe) in the Netherlands on June 24, 2005. The TI class of supertankers comprises the ships TI Africa, TI Asia, TI Europe and TI Oceania (all names as of July 2004), where the "TI" refers to the ULCC tanker pool operator Tankers International. The class were the first ULCCs (ultra-large crude ...
The history of the oil tanker ... In 1939 there were 52 tankers with a total capacity ... and the cost of transportation by tanker amounts to US$0.02 per gallon ...
A tanker (or tank ship or tankship) is a ship designed to transport or store liquids or gases in bulk. Major types of tankship include the oil tanker (or petroleum tanker), the chemical tanker, cargo ships, and a gas carrier. Tankers also carry commodities such as vegetable oils, molasses and wine. In the United States Navy and Military Sealift ...
The T2 tanker Hat Creek in August 1943. The T2 tanker, or T2, was a class of oil tanker constructed and produced in large numbers in the United States during World War II. Only the T3 tankers were larger "navy oilers" of the period. Some 533 T2s were built between 1940 and the end of 1945. They were used to transport fuel oil, diesel fuel ...