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The flags indicate the astronaut's primary citizenship during his or her time as an astronaut. The symbol identifies female astronauts. The symbol indicates astronauts who have left low Earth orbit. The symbol indicates astronauts who have walked on the Moon. The symbol † indicates astronauts who have died in incidents related to a space program.
To be included in these lists, a fictional astronaut must be modeled upon actual astronauts of real-world space programs, as they have actually existed since the beginning of the Space Age, or were envisioned in the years leading up to the Space Age. Criteria include: A fictional astronaut must be human (not an alien, robot, or animal).
After the name, denotes sub-orbital space travellers who have flown into orbit on a subsequent space flight. After the name, denotes space travellers who have flown to the Moon without landing. After the name, denotes space travellers who have walked on the Moon. ‡ After the name, denotes those who died during their first spaceflight. [nb 1] †
1 By name. 2 By nationality. 3 By demographic group. 4 By achievement. 5 Other. 6 Space flights. 7 See also. Toggle the table of contents. ... 2022 European Space ...
Countries (and successor states) whose citizens have flown in space as of January 2024. The criteria for determining who has achieved human spaceflight vary. The Fédération Aéronautique Internationale (FAI) defines spaceflight as any flight over 100 kilometres (62 mi), while in the United States, professional, military and commercial astronauts who travel above an altitude of 50 miles (80 ...
Konrad, Prof. (Dr.) (Passenger) (no first name given) Space Station A: Berger (no first name given) Unnamed crewmembers Queen of Outer Space (a.k.a. Queen of the Universe) (1958), film United States: Starfire (TF-5) Space Station A 1985 Rays from Venus destroy space station and send ferry rocket Starfire off course to that planet. Patterson and ...
Virgil Ivan "Gus" Grissom (April 3, 1926 – January 27, 1967) was an American engineer and pilot in the United States Air Force, as well as one of the original men, the Mercury Seven, selected by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration for Project Mercury, a program to train and launch astronauts into outer space.
Jeffrey Alan Hoffman (born November 2, 1944) is an American former NASA astronaut and currently a professor of aeronautics and astronautics at MIT.. Hoffman made five flights as a Space Shuttle astronaut, including the first mission to repair the Hubble Space Telescope in 1993, when the orbiting telescope's flawed optical system was corrected. [1]