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Chronologically, Sumerian temples evolved from earlier Ubaid temples. As the temple decayed it was ritually destroyed and a new temple built on its foundations. The successor temple was larger and more articulated than its predecessor temple. The evolution of the Eโ.abzu temple at Eridu is a frequently cited case-study of this process.
Its purpose is to get the temple closer to the heavens, [citation needed] and provide access from the ground to it via steps. The Mesopotamians believed that these pyramid temples connected heaven and earth. In fact, the ziggurat at Babylon was known as Etemenanki, which means "House of the foundation of heaven and earth" in Sumerian.
Giparu or, more correctly, [citation needed] gipar (Sumerian: ฤipar, Akkadian: gipฤru) is a central concept of both the Sumerian belief system and temple architecture. Typically translated as 'cloister', the actual meaning of gipar includes multiple linked concepts.
The ziggurat was a piece in a temple complex that served as an administrative center for the city, and which was a shrine of the moon god Nanna, the patron deity of Ur. [ 6 ] The construction of the ziggurat was finished in the 21st century BC by King Shulgi , who, in order to win the allegiance of cities, proclaimed himself a god.
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Nippur (Sumerian: Nibru, often logographically recorded as ๐ ๐ค ๐ , EN.LÍL KI, "Enlil City;" [1] Akkadian: Nibbur) was an ancient Sumerian city. It was the special seat of the worship of the Sumerian god Enlil, the "Lord Wind", ruler of the cosmos, subject to An alone.
Etemenanki (Sumerian: ๐๐ผ๐ญ๐ , romanized: É.TEMEN.AN.KI, lit. 'Temple of the Foundation of Heaven and Earth') was a ziggurat dedicated to the Mesopotamian god Marduk in the ancient city of Babylon.
It is the predecessor of the Ubaid temple as well as Sumerian domestic and temple architecture. An example of this house type has been excavated at Tell Rashid in Iraq . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]