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A 3D model of ethyne (), the simplest alkyneIn organic chemistry, an alkyne is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon—carbon triple bond. [1] The simplest acyclic alkynes with only one triple bond and no other functional groups form a homologous series with the general chemical formula C n H 2n−2.
Acetylene (systematic name: ethyne) is the chemical compound with the formula C 2 H 2 and structure H−C≡C−H. It is a hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne. [8] This colorless gas is widely used as a fuel and a chemical building block. It is unstable in its pure form and thus is usually handled as a solution. [9]
Molecular Formula Name of straight chain Synonyms 1 1 1 CH 4: methane: methyl hydride; natural gas 2 1 1 C 2 H 6: ethane: dimethyl; ethyl hydride; methyl methane 3 1 1 C 3 H 8: propane: dimethyl methane; propyl hydride 4 2 2 C 4 H 10: n-butane: butyl hydride; methylethyl methane 5 3 3 C 5 H 12: n-pentane: amyl hydride; Skellysolve A 6 5 5 C 6 H ...
The simplest alkene, ethylene (C 2 H 4) (or "ethene" in the IUPAC nomenclature) is the organic compound produced on the largest scale industrially. [ 5 ] Aromatic compounds are often drawn as cyclic alkenes, however their structure and properties are sufficiently distinct that they are not classified as alkenes or olefins. [ 3 ]
An acyclic alkyl has the general formula of −C n H 2n+1. A cycloalkyl group is derived from a cycloalkane by removal of a hydrogen atom from a ring and has the general formula −C n H 2n−1. [2] Typically an alkyl is a part of a larger molecule. In structural formulae, the symbol R is used to designate a generic (unspecified) alkyl group.
1-Pentyne is an organic compound with the formula CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 C≡CH. It is a terminal alkyne, in fact the smallest that is liquid at room temperature. The compound is a common terminal alkyne substrate in diverse studies of catalysis. [2] [3]
1-Decyne is the organic compound with the formula C 8 H 17 C≡CH. It is a terminal alkyne. A colorless liquid, 1-decyne is used as a model substrate when evaluating methodology in organic synthesis. It participates in a number of classical reactions including Suzuki-Miyaura couplings, Sonogashira couplings, [1] Huisgen cycloadditions, [2] and ...
Cycloalkynes have a general formula C n H 2n−4. Because of the linear nature of the C−C≡C−C alkyne unit, cycloalkynes can be highly strained and can only exist when the number of carbon atoms in the ring is great enough to provide the flexibility necessary to accommodate this geometry.