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Spurling's test is somewhat specific when used for individuals with an abnormal electromyogram study and is a relatively sensitive physical examination maneuver in diagnosing cervical spondylosis or acute cervical radiculopathy. It is not a very sensitive test when used for individuals without classic radicular signs suggestive of cervical ...
Cervical spinal nerve 4, also called C4, is a spinal nerve of the cervical segment. It originates from the spinal cord above the 4th cervical vertebra (C4). It contributes nerve fibers to the phrenic nerve , the motor nerve to the thoracoabdominal diaphragm .
A neurological examination is the assessment of sensory neuron and motor responses, especially reflexes, to determine whether the nervous system is impaired. This typically includes a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history, [1] but not deeper investigation such as neuroimaging.
[7] [8] Irradiation of the cervical spine may also evoke it as an early delayed radiation injury, which occurs within 4 months of radiation therapy. [citation needed] Delayed onset Lhermitte's sign has been reported following head and/or neck trauma.
[3] [4] [5] [1] Nerve conduction studies are also used for evaluation of paresthesias (numbness, tingling, burning) and/or weakness of the arms and legs. [6] The type of study required is dependent in part by the symptoms presented. A physical exam and thorough history also help to direct the investigation. [6]
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Following is a list of spinal nerves and points that are characteristically belonging to the dermatome of each nerve: [4] Dermatomes of the lower limb (modified, from Fender, after Foerster) C2 – At least one cm lateral to the occipital protuberance at the base of the skull. Alternately, a point at least 3 cm (1.2 in) behind the ear.
Tinel's sign (also Hoffmann-Tinel sign) is a way to detect irritated nerves. It is performed by lightly tapping over the nerve to elicit a sensation of tingling or "pins and needles" in the distribution of the nerve. [1] [2] Percussion is usually performed moving distal to proximal. [2] It is named after Jules Tinel. [3] [4] [5]