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Retinoschisis is an eye disease characterized by the abnormal splitting of the retina's neurosensory layers, usually in the outer plexiform layer.Retinoschisis can be divided into degenerative forms which are very common and almost exclusively involve the peripheral retina and hereditary forms which are rare and involve the central retina and sometimes the peripheral retina.
Retinoschisin also known as X-linked juvenile retinoschisis protein is a lectin [5] [6] that in humans is encoded by the RS1 gene. [7]It is a soluble, cell-surface protein that plays an important role in the maintenance of the retina where it is expressed and secreted by retinal bipolar cells and photoreceptors, [8] [9] as well as in the pineal gland. [10]
(H33.1) Retinoschisis and retinal cysts — the retina separates into several layers and may detach Cyst of ora serrata; Parasitic cyst of retina NOS; Pseudocyst of retina Excludes: congenital retinoschisis (Q14.1) microcystoid degeneration of retina (H35.4) (H33.2) Serous retinal detachment Retinal detachment: NOS; without retinal break
The most popular theory behind this association is a separation of the layers of the retina, known as retinoschisis, due to fluid (the vitreous humour) entering the optic pit and traveling between the inner and outer layers of the retina. The outer layer may then subsequently detach. Evidence of retinoschisis has been demonstrated using OCT.
Retinoschisis is another eye disease that has been shown to cause aniseikonia. [3] There is evidence that a lesion appearing in the posterior area of the ventral occipitotemporal visual pathway can cause macropsia. This lesion can be due to an ischemic cell death after an acute posterior cerebral infarction. [12]
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Diagram of the human eye showing macula and fovea. Although J. D. Gass originally identified four types of idiopathic juxtafoveolar retinal telangiectasis in 1982, contemporary researchers describe three types collectively known as idiopathic juxtafoveal telangiectasia: macular telangiectasia type 1, macular telangiectasia type 2, and macular telangiectasia type 3.
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