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Step 4: Daily symptoms, or waking with asthma once a week or more, and low lung function . Medium dose inhaled corticosteroids and formoterol maintenance therapy; Short-course oral corticosteroids when required in severely uncontrolled asthma; Step 5: Further worsening of symptoms and increased occurrence of exacerbations
This is a list of mnemonics used in medicine and medical science, categorized and alphabetized. A mnemonic is any technique that assists the human memory with information retention or retrieval by making abstract or impersonal information more accessible and meaningful, and therefore easier to remember; many of them are acronyms or initialisms which reduce a lengthy set of terms to a single ...
By treating asthma with optically pure (R)-salbutamol the risk of side effects, such as nervous system stimulatory effects and cardiac arrhythmia, can be minimized. [20] There are several routes for enantioselective synthesis , as well as methods for synthesis of the racemic mixture followed by chiral resolution .
Inhaled bronchodilators open up the airways in the lungs. [17] These include salbutamol and terbutaline (both β 2-adrenergic agonists), and ipratropium (an anticholinergic). [5] Medication can be administered via inhaler or nebuliser. There is no evidence to prefer a nebuliser over an inhaler. [18]
Step therapy, also called step protocol or a fail first requirement, is a managed care approach to prescription. It is a type of prior authorization requirement that is intended increase insurance company profits at the expense of patient health by forcing patients onto lower cost prescription drugs .
GINA conducts continuous review of scientific publications on asthma and is a leader in disseminating information about the care of patients with asthma. [2] GINA publishes resources such as evidence-based guidelines for asthma management, and runs special events such as World Asthma Day. GINA's guidelines, revised each year, are used by ...
Aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), also called NSAID-exacerbated respiratory disease (N-ERD) or historically aspirin-induced asthma and Samter's Triad, is a long-term disease defined by three simultaneous symptoms: asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, and intolerance of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
The mechanisms behind allergic asthma—i.e., asthma resulting from an immune response to inhaled allergens—are the best understood of the causal factors. In both people with asthma and people who are free of the disease, inhaled allergens that find their way to the inner airways are ingested by a type of cell known as antigen-presenting ...
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