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The vapors which are displaced from the fuel tank by the incoming fuel are routed via the vapor vent line to the canister and are absorbed by activated carbon. These canisters are made of either steel or plastic. The size of this canister is tailored to accommodate expected evaporative emissions.
Fuel vapor storage canister for a Peugeot 205. Evaporative emissions are the result of gasoline vapors escaping from the vehicle's fuel system. Since 1971, all U.S. vehicles have had fully sealed fuel systems that do not vent directly to the atmosphere; mandates for systems of this type appeared contemporaneously in other jurisdictions.
The evaporative emission system is controlled by a vacuum-operated mechanical carbon canister control valve. Fuel pressure is maintained by a vacuum operated mechanical fuel pressure regulator on the fuel injector rail assembly. Inputs and outputs are shown in the following illustration.
The early fuel evaporator is a device found in some internal combustion engines with carburetors.It can sometimes be referred to as an electronic fuel evaporator. The device on a car, commonly referred to as an EFE heater, is located between the throttle body of the carburetor and the intake manifold as a gasket and contains a resistance grid that heats the air/fuel mixture.
A blowoff valve (also called dump valve or compressor bypass valve) is a pressure release system present in most petrol turbocharged engines. Blowoff valves are used to reduce pressure in the intake system as the throttle is closed, thus preventing compressor surge .
Early in the 1950s scientists discovered that vehicle emissions were a significant factor that had been causing the air quality to deteriorate. [7] This led to the introduction of vehicle emissions standards in California in 1966, furthermore due to the seriousness of the problem, in 1970 the Clean Air Act was introduced in order to regulate these standards all over the United States. [7]
Solenoid valves. A solenoid valve is an electromechanically operated valve.. Solenoid valves differ in the characteristics of the electric current they use, the strength of the magnetic field they generate, the mechanism they use to regulate the fluid, and the type and characteristics of fluid they control.
Non evaporable getters (NEG), based on the principle of metallic surface sorption of gas molecules, are mostly porous alloys or powder mixtures of Al, Zr, Ti, V and Fe.They help to establish and maintain vacuums by soaking up or bonding to gas molecules that remain within a partial vacuum.