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Industrial autoclaves are used in industrial applications, especially in the manufacturing of composites. Many autoclaves are used to sterilize equipment and supplies by subjecting them to pressurized saturated steam at 121 °C (250 °F) for 30–60 minutes at a gauge pressure of 103 kPa [1] depending on the size of the load and the contents. [2]
The central sterile services department (CSSD), also called sterile processing department (SPD), sterile processing, central supply department (CSD), or central supply, is an integrated place in hospitals and other health care facilities that performs sterilization and other actions on medical devices, equipment and consumables; for subsequent ...
used as a portable autoclave Biological and chemical indicators: Used to ascertain if a certain process has been completed, e.g. spores used in an autoclave are killed if autoclaving is properly done Filters: •Candle filter: used as household water filters and as filters for large particles in the laboratories
Many healthcare facilities routinely use an autoclave to sterilize medical supplies. If the same autoclave is used to sterilize supplies and treat biomedical waste, administrative controls must be used to prevent the waste operations from contaminating the supplies. Effective administrative controls include operator training, strict procedures ...
used to hold specimen or samples Sterile loops: used to inoculate test samples into culture media for bacterial or fungal cultures, antibiograms, etc.; not heated before use—these are disposable pre-sterilised Thermal cycler: used to amplify segments of DNA via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process. Tissue culture bottles
to look inside the gastrointestinal tract, used mainly in surgery or by surgical consultants External cardioverter / Defibrillator: to correct arrhythmias of the heart [2] Gas cylinder: as a supply of oxygen, nitrous oxide, carbon dioxide, etc. Gauze sponge: to absorb blood and other fluids as well as clean wounds: Glucose monitor
Gamma radiation is very penetrating, and is commonly used for sterilization of disposable medical equipment, such as syringes, needles, cannulas and IV sets, and food. It is emitted by a radioisotope, usually cobalt-60 (60 Co) or caesium-137 (137 Cs), which have photon energies of up to 1.3 and 0.66 MeV, respectively.
A waste converter is a machine used for the treatment and recycling of solid and liquid refuse material. A converter is a self-contained system capable of performing the following functions: pasteurization of organic waste; sterilization of pathogenic or biohazard waste; grinding and pulverization of refuse into unrecognizable output; trash compaction; dehydration.