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The human palatine tonsils (PT) are covered by stratified squamous epithelium that extends into deep and partly branched tonsillar crypts, of which there are about 10 to 30. [1] The crypts greatly increase the contact surface between environmental influences and lymphoid tissue.
The tonsils contain four lymphoid compartments that influence immune functions, namely the reticular crypt epithelium, the extrafollicular area, the mantle zones of lymphoid follicles, and the follicular germinal centers. In human palatine tonsils, the very first part exposed to the outside environment is tonsillar epithelium. [9]
Crypts are anatomical structures that are narrow but deep invaginations into a larger structure. One common type of anatomical crypt is the Crypts of Lieberkühn. [1] However, it is not the only type: some types of tonsils also have crypts. Because these crypts allow external access to the deep portions of the tonsils, these tonsils are more ...
Many of the methods used to get rid of tonsil stones, including prescription options, are “usually not a permanent fix, because those crypts are pretty deep down the tonsils,” he explains ...
Lingual tonsils are covered externally by stratified squamous epithelium (nonkeratinized) that invaginates inward forming tonsillar crypts. Beneath the epithelium is a layer of lymphoid nodules containing lymphocytes. Mucous glands located at the root of the tongue are drained through several ducts into the crypts of the lingual tonsils.
Tonsil stones may produce no symptoms or they may be associated with bad breath. [1] In fact, many dental professionals argue that tonsil stones are the leading cause of bad breath in their patients. The smell may be that of rotting eggs. [11] Tonsil stones tend to happen most often in people with longterm inflammation in their tonsils. [12]
Palatine tonsil enlargement can affect speech, making it hypernasal and giving it the sound of velopharyngeal incompetence (when space in the mouth is not fully separated from the nose's air space). [10] Tonsil size may have a more significant impact on upper airway obstruction for obese children than for those of average weight. [11]
The tubal tonsil may also be known as the Gerlach tonsil. [3] It is very close to the torus tubarius, [4] which is why this tonsil is sometimes also called the tonsil of (the) torus tubarius. [5] Equating the torus with its tonsil however might be seen as incorrect or imprecise.