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Ribosomes are the macromolecular machines that are responsible for mRNA translation into proteins. The eukaryotic ribosome, also called the 80S ribosome, is made up of two subunits – the large 60S subunit (which contains the 25S [in plants] or 28S [in mammals], 5.8S, and 5S rRNA and 46 ribosomal proteins) and a small 40S subunit (which contains the 18S rRNA and 33 ribosomal proteins). [6]
A ribosomal protein (r-protein or rProtein [1] [2] [3]) is any of the proteins that, in conjunction with rRNA, make up the ribosomal subunits involved in the cellular process of translation. E. coli , other bacteria and Archaea have a 30S small subunit and a 50S large subunit, whereas humans and yeasts have a 40S small subunit and a 60S large ...
The encoded protein plays an essential role in ribosome biogenesis. SBDS interacts with elongation factor-like GTPase 1 (Efl1) to disassociate eukaryotic initiation factor 6 (eIF6) from the late cytoplasmic pre-60S ribosomal subunit allowing assembly of the 80S. [6]
In humans, as in most eukaryotes, the 18S rRNA is a component of 40S ribosomal subunit, and the 60S large subunit contains three rRNA species (the 5S, 5.8S and 28S in mammals, 25S in plants). 60S rRNA acts as a ribozyme, catalyzing peptide bond formation, while 40S monitors the complementarity between tRNA anticodon and mRNA.
NPM1 is known to associate with pre-ribosomal particles and other nucleolar proteins. Since ribosomal proteins tend to be insoluble under physiological conditions, NPM1 presumably binds to ribosomal proteins in the nucleolus, prevent them from aggregation and promote their assembly into the ribosomal subunits.
Ribosome biogenesis protein BOP1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BOP1 gene. [5] [6] It is a WD40 repeat-containing nucleolar protein involved in rRNA processing, thereby controlling the cell cycle. [7] It is required for the maturation of the 25S and 5.8S ribosomal RNAs.
It is a component of the Eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit (40S) and the cytosolic homologue of both the 12S rRNA in mitochondria and the 16S rRNA in plastids and prokaryotes. Similar to the prokaryotic 16S rRNA, the genes of the 18S ribosomal RNA have been widely used for phylogenetic studies and biodiversity screening of eukaryotes. [1]
Probable ribosome biogenesis protein RLP24 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RSL24D1 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] This gene encodes a protein sharing a low level of sequence similarity with human ribosomal protein L24 .
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