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Cardiac catheterization (heart cath) is the insertion of a catheter into a chamber or vessel of the heart.This is done both for diagnostic and interventional purposes. A common example of cardiac catheterization is coronary catheterization that involves catheterization of the coronary arteries for coronary artery disease and myocardial infarctions ("heart attacks").
A heart valve is a biological one-way valve that allows blood to flow in one direction through the chambers of the heart.A mammalian heart usually has four valves. Together, the valves determine the direction of blood flow through the heart.
Each pulse causes the targeted chamber(s) to contract and pump blood, [3] thus regulating the function of the electrical conduction system of the heart. The primary purpose of a pacemaker is to maintain an even heart rate , either because the heart's natural cardiac pacemaker provides an inadequate or irregular heartbeat, or because there is a ...
The cardiac skeleton binds several bands of dense connective tissue, as collagen, that encircle the bases of the pulmonary trunk, aorta, and all four heart valves. [2] While not a traditionally or "true" or rigid skeleton , it does provide structure and support for the heart, as well as isolate the atria from the ventricles.
The pumped blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the tissue, while carrying metabolic waste such as carbon dioxide to the lungs. [3] In humans , the heart is approximately the size of a closed fist and is located between the lungs, in the middle compartment of the chest , called the mediastinum .
The S 2 sound results from reverberation within the blood associated with the sudden block of flow reversal. [ 1 ] Splitting of S2 , also known as physiological split, normally occurs during inhalation because the decrease in intrathoracic pressure increases the time needed for pulmonary pressure to exceed that of the right ventricular pressure.
Human anatomy (gr. ἀνατομία, "dissection", from ἀνά, "up", and τέμνειν, "cut") is primarily the scientific study of the morphology of the human body. [1]
An artificial heart is an artificial organ device that replaces the heart.Artificial hearts are typically used to bridge the time to complete heart transplantation surgery, but research is ongoing to develop a device that could permanently replace the heart in the case that a heart transplant (from a deceased human or, experimentally, from a deceased genetically engineered pig) is unavailable ...