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  2. Band diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band_diagram

    Band diagram for Schottky barrier at equilibrium Band diagram for semiconductor heterojunction at equilibrium. In solid-state physics of semiconductors, a band diagram is a diagram plotting various key electron energy levels (Fermi level and nearby energy band edges) as a function of some spatial dimension, which is often denoted x. [1]

  3. Electronic band structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_band_structure

    To understand how band structure changes relative to the Fermi level in real space, a band structure plot is often first simplified in the form of a band diagram. In a band diagram the vertical axis is energy while the horizontal axis represents real space. Horizontal lines represent energy levels, while blocks represent energy bands. When the ...

  4. Band gap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band_gap

    In solid-state physics and solid-state chemistry, a band gap, also called a bandgap or energy gap, is an energy range in a solid where no electronic states exist. In graphs of the electronic band structure of solids, the band gap refers to the energy difference (often expressed in electronvolts ) between the top of the valence band and the ...

  5. Band bending - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band_bending

    Band bending can be induced by several types of contact. In this section metal-semiconductor contact, surface state, applied bias and adsorption induced band bending are discussed. Figure 1: Energy band diagrams of the surface contact between metals and n-type semiconductors.

  6. Heterojunction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterojunction

    Band diagram for stradding gap, n-n semiconductor heterojunction at equilibrium. The behaviour of a semiconductor junction depends crucially on the alignment of the energy bands at the interface. Semiconductor interfaces can be organized into three types of heterojunctions: straddling gap (type I), staggered gap (type II) or broken gap (type ...

  7. Schottky barrier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schottky_barrier

    Band diagram for n-type semiconductor Schottky barrier at zero bias (equilibrium) with graphical definition of the Schottky barrier height, Φ B, as the difference between the interfacial conduction band edge E C and Fermi level E F. [For a p-type Schottky barrier, Φ B is the difference between E F and the valence band edge E V.]

  8. Valence and conduction bands - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valence_and_conduction_bands

    In solid-state physics, the valence band and conduction band are the bands closest to the Fermi level, and thus determine the electrical conductivity of the solid. In nonmetals, the valence band is the highest range of electron energies in which electrons are normally present at absolute zero temperature, while the conduction band is the lowest range of vacant electronic states.

  9. Direct and indirect band gaps - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_and_indirect_band_gaps

    Energy vs. crystal momentum for a semiconductor with a direct band gap, showing that an electron can shift from the highest-energy state in the valence band (red) to the lowest-energy state in the conduction band (green) without a change in crystal momentum. Depicted is a transition in which a photon excites an electron from the valence band to ...