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A tutorial examining wing area and aspect ratio, and how these geometric variables drive an aircraft wing design.
Calculate the wing area and aspect ratio of an arbitrary wing planform. Understand the significance and use of mean wing chords.
The aspect ratio (AR) of a wing is defined to be the square of the span (s) divided by the wing area (A). Aspect ratio is a measure of how long and slender a wing is from tip to tip. For a rectangular wing, this reduces to the ratio of the span to the chord length (c): AR = s^2 / A = s^2 / (s * c) = s / c
Discover how wing aspect ratios, the length-to-width ratio of wings, shape the flight dynamics, efficiency, and purpose of different aircraft types.
In aeronautics, the aspect ratio of a wing is the ratio of its span to its mean chord. It is equal to the square of the wingspan divided by the wing area. Thus, a long, narrow wing has a high aspect ratio, whereas a short, wide wing has a low aspect ratio. [1]
What Is Aspect Ratio? First off, what is aspect ratio? It's the ratio of a wing's length to its chord. So for example, a wing that's long and skinny has a high aspect ratio, and a wing that's short and stubby has a low aspect ratio.
Wing shapes and sizes of both birds and planes determine how they might perform or what they might be capable of (for example, gliding, sustained high speed and manoeuvrability). One way in which the shape of the wing can be described is through wing aspect ratio.
Here we will briefly touch on two wing design variables: the planform wing area and the aspect ratio, which are two primary drivers behind the performance of a general aviation wing. The wing area is defined as the planform surface area of the wing.
A wing of a span of 30 ft has an elliptical wing planform with a root chord of 6 ft. Calculate for this wing: (a) The wing (planform) area; (b) The aspect ratio of this wing; (c) The mean aerodynamic chord (MAC).
The Aspect Ratio of a wing is defined to be the square of the span divided by the wing area and is given the symbol AR. For a rectangular wing, this reduces to the ratio of the span to the chord length as shown at the upper right of the figure.