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  2. Cassini map - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassini_map

    Versailles on the Cassini map. The Cassini Map or Academy's Map is the first topographic and geometric map made of the Kingdom of France as a whole. It was compiled by the Cassini family, mainly César-François Cassini (Cassini III) and his son Jean-Dominique Cassini (Cassini IV) in the 1700s. It was on a scale of one line to 100 toises, i.e ...

  3. Cassini projection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassini_projection

    Cassini projection of the world Cassini projection with 1,000 km indicatrices Cassini projection of the world modeled as a highly oblate ellipsoid with flattening 1:2 (= eccentricity √ 3 ⁄ 2) The Cassini projection (also sometimes known as the Cassini–Soldner projection or Soldner projection [ 1 ] ) is a map projection first described in ...

  4. Cassini Grid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassini_Grid

    The Cassini Grid system was introduced in 1927 for maps of the United Kingdom for the British military. It is so called from the use of Cassini map projection. It modified and replaced a grid coordinate system first deployed in 1919 known as the British System. The Cassini Grid system is thus more properly called the Modified British System.

  5. Cartography of France - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartography_of_France

    Hand-drawn map of one side of the Valley of Vesdre by French geographers (led by the Cassini family) from 1745 to 1748. In France, the first general maps of the territory using a measuring apparatus were made by the Cassini family during the 18th century on a scale of 1:86,400 (one centimeter on the chart corresponds to approximately 864 meters on the ground).

  6. Paris meridian - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_meridian

    Meridian Room (or Cassini Room) at the Paris Observatory, 61 avenue de l'Observatoire (14th arrondissement).The Paris meridian is traced on the floor. The Paris meridian is a meridian line running through the Paris Observatory in Paris, France – now longitude 2°20′14.02500″ East.

  7. César-François Cassini de Thury - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/César-François_Cassini_de...

    In 1744, he began the construction of a great topographical map of France, [5] one of the landmarks in the history of cartography. Completed by his son Jean-Dominique, Cassini IV and published by the Académie des Sciences from 1744 to 1793, its 180 plates are known as the Cassini map.

  8. Former countries in Europe after 1815 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Former_countries_in_Europe...

    A map of Europe as it appeared in 1815 after the Congress of Vienna. This article gives a detailed listing of all the countries, including puppet states, that have existed in Europe since the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to the present day. Each country has information separated into columns: name of the distinct country, its lifespan, the ...

  9. Geography of Europe - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Europe

    Satellite image of Europe by night 1916 physical map of Europe Topography of Europe. Some geographical texts refer to a Eurasian continent given that Europe is not surrounded by sea and its southeastern border has always been variously defined for centuries. In terms of shape, Europe is a collection of connected peninsulas and nearby