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Strong bases are bases which completely dissociate in water into the cation and OH-(hydroxide ion). The hydroxides of the Group I (alkali metals) and Group II (alkaline earth) metals usually are considered to be strong bases.
Strong bases, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2) and barium hydroxide (Ba(OH) 2), are typically hydroxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals.
Calcium hydroxide (traditionally called slaked lime) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca (OH) 2. It is a colorless crystal or white powder and is produced when quicklime (calcium oxide) is mixed with water. Annually, approximately 125 million tons of calcium hydroxide are produced worldwide. [8]
Pure calcium hydroxide paste has a high pH (approximately 12.5-12.8) and is classified chemically as a strong base. Its main actions are achieved through the ionic dissociation of Ca(2+) and OH(-) ions and their effect on vital tissues, the induction of hard-tissue deposition and the antibacterial properties.
Calcium hydroxide is considered a strong base, because it is completely, almost completely, ionized. However, the solubility of calcium hydroxide is very low. When \(\ce{Ca(OH)2}\) dissolves in water, the ionization reaction is as follows: \[\ce{Ca(OH)2 \rightarrow Ca^2+ + 2 OH-} \nonumber\]
A stronger base produces more hydroxide ions than a weaker base. For example, sodium hydroxide (NaOH), a base in drain cleaner, is a strong base because all of it breaks down into ions when it dissolves in water. Calcium carbonate (CaCO3), a base in antacids, is a weak base because only a small percentage of it breaks down into ions in water.
Now, because acid-base reactions always occur in the direction of forming a weaker acid and a base, the oxide ion (O 2-) must be a stronger base than the hydroxide ion. Therefore, alkali and alkaline earth metal oxides are stronger bases than the corresponding hydroxides. Unlike strong bases, weak bases do not contain a hydroxide ion.
Calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH)2) is considered a strong base due to its ability to completely dissociate or ionize in water, releasing hydroxide ions (OH-) into the solution. This strong dissociation is a result of the unique properties of calcium hydroxide as a compound.
Calcium hydroxide is also known as slaked lime and it is a compound with the chemical formula Ca (OH)₂. It is commonly found in both laboratories and everyday products such as mortar and plaster. In chemistry, it is categorized as a base because it reacts with acids to form salts and water.
Strong and Weak Bases. The issue is similar with bases: a strong base is a base that is 100% ionized in solution. If it is less than 100% ionized in solution, it is a weak base. There are very few strong bases (Table \(\PageIndex{1}\)); any base not listed is a weak base. All strong bases are OH – compounds.