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The gravity of Earth, denoted by g, is the net acceleration that is imparted to objects due to the combined effect of gravitation (from mass distribution within Earth) and the centrifugal force (from the Earth's rotation).
A gravity map is a map that depicts gravity measurements across an area of space, which are typically obtained via gravimetry. Gravity maps are an extension of the field of geodynamics. Readings are typically taken at regular intervals for surface analysis on Earth. [1] Other methods include analysis of artificial satellite orbital mechanics ...
The mass of the oceans is approximately 1.35 × 10 18 metric tons or about 1/4400 of Earth's total mass. The oceans cover an area of 361.8 million km 2 (139.7 million sq mi) with a mean depth of 3,682 m (12,080 ft), resulting in an estimated volume of 1.332 billion km 3 (320 million cu mi). [193]
If Earth's shape were perfectly known together with the exact mass density ρ = ρ(x, y, z), it could be integrated numerically (when combined with a reciprocal distance kernel) to find an accurate model for Earth's gravitational field. However, the situation is in fact the opposite: by observing the orbits of spacecraft and the Moon, Earth's ...
rad/s is the diurnal angular speed of the Earth axis, and km the radius of the reference sphere, and the distance of the point on the Earth crust to the Earth axis. [3] For the mass attraction effect by itself, the gravitational acceleration at the equator is about 0.18% less than that at the poles due to being located farther from the mass ...
The actual Hill radius for the Earth-Moon pair is on the order of 60,000 km (i.e., extending less than one-sixth the distance of the 378,000 km between the Moon and the Earth). [9] In the Earth-Sun example, the Earth (5.97 × 10 24 kg) orbits the Sun (1.99 × 10 30 kg) at a distance of 149.6 million km, or one astronomical unit (AU). The Hill ...
The relationship depends on the internal density distribution. The 1980 Geodetic Reference System (GRS 80) posited a 6 378 137 m semi-major axis and a 1 ⁄ 298.257222101 flattening. This system was adopted at the XVII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics ( IUGG ) in Canberra, Australia, 1979.
The weight of an object on Earth's surface is the downwards force on that object, given by Newton's second law of motion, or F = m a (force = mass × acceleration). Gravitational acceleration contributes to the total gravity acceleration, but other factors, such as the rotation of Earth, also contribute, and, therefore, affect the weight of the ...