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Relationship of the atmosphere and ionosphere. The ionosphere (/ aɪ ˈ ɒ n ə ˌ s f ɪər /) [1] [2] is the ionized part of the upper atmosphere of Earth, from about 48 km (30 mi) to 965 km (600 mi) above sea level, [3] a region that includes the thermosphere and parts of the mesosphere and exosphere. The ionosphere is ionized by solar ...
Chart of Attenuation. ISAB is only a factor in the period of the day where radio signals travel through the portion of the ionosphere facing the Sun. The solar wind and radiation cause the ionosphere to become charged with electrons in the first place. At night, the atmosphere becomes drained of its charge, and radio signals can go much farther ...
The current Billboard Hot 100 logo. The Billboard Hot 100 is the music industry standard record chart in the United States for songs, published weekly by Billboard magazine. Chart rankings are based on sales (physical and digital), online streaming, and radio airplay in the U.S. [1]
Mariah Carey's "Touch My Body" becomes her 18th U.S. chart-topper, setting the record for most U.S. number ones singles by a solo artist – only behind the Beatles with 20 – and most weeks at number one on the Hot 100 chart with a total of 79.
The jukebox chart ceased publication after the June 17, 1957, issue, the disk jockey chart after July 28, 1958, and the best-seller chart after October 13, 1958. [13] After July 28, 1958, the composite chart the "Top 100" chart was also discontinued; [ 14 ] and the "Hot 100" began the following week on August 4, 1958, listing " Poor Little Fool ...
Since music can be endlessly broken down into smaller and smaller categories, a genealogical chart will usually focus on one major genre and its different strains. How these developed out of one another is shown in a genealogical chart, often with major figures or innovators of each subgenre. A simplified example appears below.
This section shows the Japan-specific timeline of music technology. Note: Some items in the list are not the first even in Japan. 1934 : NEC engineer Akira Nakishima's switching circuit theory lays foundations for digital circuit design [9] 1935 : Yamaha releases Magna Organ, an early electrostatic reed organ [10] [11]
Musicians working in a recording studio An audience watching a concert. The music industry refers to the individuals and organizations that earn money by writing songs and musical compositions, creating and selling recorded music and sheet music, presenting concerts, as well as the organizations that aid, train, represent and supply music creators.