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Restored Mogao Christian painting, possibly a representation of Jesus Christ.The original work dates back to the 9th century. The Jingjiao Documents (Chinese: 景教經典; pinyin: Jǐngjiào jīngdiǎn; also known as the Nestorian Documents or the Jesus Sutras) are a collection of Chinese language texts connected with the 7th-century mission of Alopen, a Church of the East bishop from ...
Chinese surnames have a history of over 3,000 years. Chinese mythology, however, reaches back further to the legendary figure Fuxi (with the surname Feng), who was said to have established the system of Chinese surnames to distinguish different families and prevent marriage of people with the same family names. [8]
He rejected Confucianism and began propagating a fusion of Christianity, Daoism and millenarianism, which Hong presented as a restoration of the ancient Chinese faith in Shangdi. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] His associate Feng Yunshan then founded the God Worshipping Society to spread Hong's teachings.
Earlier Chinese societies were commonly matriarchal, so family names from the time typically passed from women to their children. Because of this phenomenon, these eight surnames have a component of their hanzi representing the character woman (女). [1] [4] As of 2019, very few people had one of these surnames as a family name. [2]
Traditional accounts give Laozi the personal name Li Er (李 耳, Lǐ Ěr), whose Old Chinese pronunciation has been reconstructed as *C.rəʔ C.nəʔ. [1] Li is a common Chinese surname which also has the meaning meaning 'plum' or plum tree when used as a common noun; there is a legend tying Laozi's birth to a plum tree. [5]
This list of the 100 most common Chinese surnames derives from China's Ministry of Public Security's annual report on the top 100 surnames in China, with the latest report release in January 2020 for the year 2019. [9] When the 1982 Chinese census was first published, it did not include a list of top surnames.
According to Song dynasty scholar Wang Mingqing (王明清), the first four surnames listed represent the most important families in the empire at the time: [7] 1st: Zhao (趙) is the surname of the Song dynasty emperors. 2nd: Qian (錢) is the surname of the kings of Wuyue. 3rd: Sun (孫) is the surname of the queen Sun Taizhen of Wuyue king ...
The name "Confucius" is a Latinized form of the Mandarin Chinese Kǒng Fūzǐ (孔夫子, "Master Kong"), and was coined in the late 16th century by early Jesuit missionaries to China. [6] Confucius's family name was Kong ( 孔 , OC : * kʰˤoŋʔ ) and his given name was Qiu ( 丘 , OC : * [k]ʷʰə ).
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