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In mathematics, a set is countable if either it is finite or it can be made in one to one correspondence with the set of natural numbers. [a] Equivalently, a set is countable if there exists an injective function from it into the natural numbers; this means that each element in the set may be associated to a unique natural number, or that the elements of the set can be counted one at a time ...
Graphical examination of count data may be aided by the use of data transformations chosen to have the property of stabilising the sample variance. In particular, the square root transformation might be used when data can be approximated by a Poisson distribution (although other transformation have modestly improved properties), while an inverse sine transformation is available when a binomial ...
Countable additivity of a measure : The measure of a countable disjoint union is the same as the sum of all measures of each subset.. Let be a set and a σ-algebra over . A set function from to the extended real number line is called a measure if the following conditions hold:
A set is countable if it can be enumerated, that is, if there exists an enumeration of it. Otherwise, it is uncountable. For example, the set of the real numbers is uncountable. A set is finite if it can be enumerated by means of a proper initial segment {1, ..., n} of the natural numbers, in which case, its cardinality is n.
An enumeration of a set S gives an index set , where f : J → S is the particular enumeration of S. Any countably infinite set can be (injectively) indexed by the set of natural numbers N {\displaystyle \mathbb {N} } .
In mathematics, a probability measure is a real-valued function defined on a set of events in a σ-algebra that satisfies measure properties such as countable additivity. [1] The difference between a probability measure and the more general notion of measure (which includes concepts like area or volume ) is that a probability measure must ...
The counting measure is a special case of a more general construction. With the notation as above, any function : [,) defines a measure on (,) via ():= (), where the possibly uncountable sum of real numbers is defined to be the supremum of the sums over all finite subsets, that is, := , | | < {}.
Quantization, in mathematics and digital signal processing, is the process of mapping input values from a large set (often a continuous set) to output values in a (countable) smaller set, often with a finite number of elements. Rounding and truncation are typical examples of quantization processes. Quantization is involved to some degree in ...