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A traditional oast at Frittenden, Kent. An oast, oast house (or oasthouse) or hop kiln is a building designed for kilning (drying) hops as part of the brewing process. Oast houses can be found in most hop-growing (and former hop-growing) areas, and are often good examples of agricultural vernacular architecture.
A bottle oven or bottle kiln is a type of kiln. The word 'bottle' refers to the shape of the structure and not to the kiln's products, which are usually pottery , not glass . Bottle kilns were typical of the industrial landscape of Stoke-on-Trent , where nearly 50 are preserved as listed buildings . [ 1 ]
The landlord of a tied pub may be an employee of the brewery—in which case he would be a manager of a managed house, or a self-employed tenant who has entered into a lease agreement with a brewery, a condition of which is the legal obligation (trade tie) only to purchase that brewery's beer. This tied agreement provides tenants with trade ...
Das Rheingold is the first of the four Ring cycle operas.) [12] A third version holds that a special beer was brewed for a dinner held to honor the head of the Metropolitan Opera after the season finale performance of Das Rheingold, and the beer was named "Rheingold". It was a hit, so the brewery introduced it as a permanent product. [13]
A 16th-century brewery Brewing is the production of beer by steeping a starch source (commonly cereal grains, the most popular of which is barley) in water and fermenting the resulting sweet liquid with yeast. It may be done in a brewery by a commercial brewer, at home by a homebrewer, or communally. Brewing has taken place since around the 6th millennium BC, and archaeological evidence ...
Cryptic crossword clues consist typically of a definition and some type of word play. Cryptic crossword clues need to be viewed two ways. One is a surface reading and one a hidden meaning. [27] The surface reading is the basic reading of the clue to look for key words and how those words are constructed in the clue. The second way is the hidden ...
In 1898 the brewery merged with another Pori based brewery and was newly named as Bäckmans Ölbryggeri Ab (The Bäckman Beer Brewery). In the 1920s Bäckman's brewery ended to the ownership of Sulo Salmelin, a businessman from Tampere who owned the Pyynikki Brewery in his hometown. From 1940 Pori Brewery was a part of the Pyynikki Brewery.
In 1789 the malt tax raised £ million, 11.5% of all taxes. In 1802 the malt duty rose from 1s. 4 1 ⁄ 4 d. a bushel to 2s. 5d., then to 4s. 5 3 ⁄ 4 d. in 1804, driven upwards by the need to finance the French Wars of 1793–1815. [17] In 1865 the total revenue was reported to be six million sterling a year. [18]