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In meteorology and aviation, terminal aerodrome forecast (TAF) is a format for reporting weather forecast information, [1] particularly as it relates to aviation. TAFs are issued at least four times a day, every six hours, for major civil airfields: 0000, 0600, 1200 and 1800 UTC, [2] and generally apply to a 24- or 30-hour period, and an area within approximately five statute miles (8.0 km ...
METAR indicates that the following is a standard hourly observation. KTTN is the ICAO identifier for the Trenton-Mercer Airport . 051853Z indicates the day of the month is the 5th and the time of day is 1853 Zulu/ UTC , or 1:53PM Eastern Standard Time .
A TTF is a professionally considered forecast for weather over a two-hour period, [1] and is based on an actual weather report, such as a METAR or SPECI and appended to the end of it. [1] A TTF is similar to or sometimes in addition to a TAF, a terminal aerodrome forecast, but during the TTF's validity period is considered superior to a TAF.
ICAO Meteorological Information Exchange Model (IWXXM) is a format for reporting weather information in XML/GML.IWXXM includes XML/GML-based representations for products standardized in International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) Annex III, such as METAR/SPECI, TAF, SIGMET, AIRMET, Tropical Cyclone Advisory (TCA), Volcanic Ash Advisory (VAA), [1] Space Weather Advisory and World Area ...
VOLMET (French origin vol (flight) and météo (weather report)), or meteorological information for aircraft in flight, is a worldwide network of radio stations that broadcast TAF, SIGMET and METAR reports on shortwave frequencies, and in some countries on VHF too. Reports are sent in upper sideband mode, using automated voice transmissions.
SYNOP (surface synoptic observations) is a numerical code (called FM-12 by WMO) used for reporting weather observations made by staffed and automated weather stations. SYNOP reports are typically sent every six hours by Deutscher Wetterdienst on shortwave and low frequency using RTTY.
The colour state may be appended to a METAR report. A short period forecast called a TREND which covers the following two hours from the observation may also be added, often with reference to the colour state.
In 650 BC, the Babylonians predicted the weather from cloud patterns as well as astrology.In about 350 BC, Aristotle described weather patterns in Meteorologica. [3] Later, Theophrastus compiled a book on weather forecasting, called the Book of Signs. [4]