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Urdu literature (Urdu: ادبیاتِ اُردُو, “Adbiyāt-i Urdū”) comprises the literary works, written in the Urdu language.While, It tends to be dominated by poetry, especially the verse forms of the ghazal (غزل) and nazm (نظم), it has expanded into other styles of writing, including that of the short story, or afsana (افسانہ).
Khwaja Hafiz recites his poetry in the 17th century. The Urdu ghazal is a literary form of the ghazal-poetry unique to the Indian subcontinent, written in the Urdu standard of the Hindostani language. It is commonly asserted that the ghazal spread to South Asia from the influence of Sufi mystics in the Delhi Sultanate. [1]
Amir Khusro (1253–1325) composed the first ghazal in Urdu, titled ze-hāl-e-miskīñ. [2] He wrote in Persian and Rekhta (initial form of Urdu). Mirza Ghalib is considered one of the leading literary authority on Urdu poetry. [3] He lived in Delhi [4] and died in 1869. The literal meaning of shayar (shaa'ir) is poet. [5]
Among other traditions, Urdu poetry is a fine example of linguistic and cultural synthesis. Arab and Persian vocabulary based on the Hindi language resulted in a vast and popular class of ghazal literature, usually written by Muslims in contexts ranging from romance and society to philosophy and Tassawuf (Sufism). [citation needed ...
Parveen Shakir started writing at a very young age. She wrote both prose and poetry, contributed columns in Urdu newspapers, and a few articles in English dailies. . Initially, she wrote under the pen-nam
Not only Urdu poetry but prose is indebted to Mirza Ghalib. His letters gave foundation to easy and popular Urdu. Before Ghalib, letter writing in Urdu was highly ornamental. He made his letters "talk" by using words and sentences as if he were conversing with the reader. According to Ghalib:
Early Hindustani Bible translations were undertaken by Winfried Ketlar, Benjamin Schultze and Casiano Baligati in the 17th and 18th centuries. [2] The first translation of part of the Bible in Hindi, Genesis, was made in manuscript by Benjamin Schultze (1689–1760), [3] a German missionary, who arrived in India to establish an English mission in 1726 and worked on completing Bartholomäus ...
Along with his poetry, he was regarded as one of the best humorists of Urdu. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] His poetry has a distinctive diction laced with language reminiscent of Amir Khusro in its use of words and construction that is usually heard in the more earthy dialects of the Hindi-Urdu complex of languages, and his forms and poetic style has influenced ...