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  2. Diffraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction

    Diffraction can occur with any kind of wave. Ocean waves diffract around jetties and other obstacles. Circular waves generated by diffraction from the narrow entrance of a flooded coastal quarry. Sound waves can diffract around objects, which is why one can still hear someone calling even when hiding behind a tree. [19]

  3. List of equations in wave theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_equations_in_wave...

    Intuitively the wave envelope is the "global profile" of the wave, which "contains" changing "local profiles inside the global profile". Each propagates at generally different speeds determined by the important function called the dispersion relation .

  4. Kirchhoff's diffraction formula - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirchhoff's_diffraction...

    A geometrical arrangement used in deriving the Kirchhoff's diffraction formula. The area designated by A 1 is the aperture (opening), the areas marked by A 2 are opaque areas, and A 3 is the hemisphere as a part of the closed integral surface (consisted of the areas A 1, A 2, and A 3) for the Kirchhoff's integral theorem.

  5. Atmospheric diffraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atmospheric_diffraction

    Optical atmospheric diffraction; Radio wave diffraction is the scattering of radio frequency or lower frequencies from the Earth's ionosphere, resulting in the ability to achieve greater distance radio broadcasting. Sound wave diffraction is the bending of sound waves, as the sound travels around edges of geometric objects. This produces the ...

  6. Acousto-optic modulator - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acousto-optic_modulator

    When the incident light beam is at Bragg angle, a diffraction pattern emerges where an order of diffracted beam occurs at each angle θ that satisfies: [3] ⁡ = Here, m = ..., −2, −1, 0, +1, +2, ... is the order of diffraction, λ is the wavelength of light in vacuum, and Λ is the wavelength of the sound. [4]

  7. Wave equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_equation

    The wave equation is a second-order linear partial differential equation for the description of waves or standing wave fields such as mechanical waves (e.g. water waves, sound waves and seismic waves) or electromagnetic waves (including light waves). It arises in fields like acoustics, electromagnetism, and fluid dynamics.

  8. List of optics equations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_optics_equations

    Visulization of flux through differential area and solid angle. As always ^ is the unit normal to the incident surface A, = ^, and ^ is a unit vector in the direction of incident flux on the area element, θ is the angle between them.

  9. Acoustic wave - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acoustic_wave

    An acoustic wave is a mechanical wave that transmits energy through the movements of atoms and molecules. Acoustic waves transmit through fluids in a longitudinal manner (movement of particles are parallel to the direction of propagation of the wave); in contrast to electromagnetic waves that transmit in transverse manner (movement of particles at a right angle to the direction of propagation ...