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  2. Ka/Ks ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka/Ks_ratio

    For example, the DNA codons TTT and TTC both code for the amino acid Phenylalanine, so a change from the third T to C makes no difference to the resulting protein. On the other hand, the codon GAG codes for Glutamic acid while the codon GTG codes for Valine , so a change from the middle A to T does change the resulting protein, for better or ...

  3. Acid dissociation constant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acid_dissociation_constant

    When the difference between successive pK values is about four or more, as in this example, each species may be considered as an acid in its own right; [27] In fact salts of H 2 PO − 4 may be crystallised from solution by adjustment of pH to about 5.5 and salts of HPO 2− 4 may be crystallised from solution by adjustment of pH to about 10 ...

  4. Protein pKa calculations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_pKa_calculations

    The interplay of the intrinsic pK a values of a system with the electrostatic interaction energies between titratable groups can produce quite spectacular effects such as non-Henderson–Hasselbalch titration curves and even back-titration effects. [6] The image on the right shows a theoretical system consisting of three acidic residues.

  5. Carbonic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonic_acid

    Bjerrum plot of speciation for a hypothetical monoprotic acid: AH concentration as a function of the difference between pK and pH. Carbonic acid is the formal Brønsted–Lowry conjugate acid of the bicarbonate anion, stable in alkaline solution. The protonation constants have been measured to great precision, but depend on overall ionic ...

  6. Proton affinity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton_affinity

    The higher the proton affinity, the stronger the base and the weaker the conjugate acid in the gas phase.The (reportedly) strongest known base is the ortho-diethynylbenzene dianion (E pa = 1843 kJ/mol), [3] followed by the methanide anion (E pa = 1743 kJ/mol) and the hydride ion (E pa = 1675 kJ/mol), [4] making methane the weakest proton acid [5] in the gas phase, followed by dihydrogen.

  7. Phosphoric acids and phosphates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoric_acids_and...

    The general formula of a phosphoric acid is H n+2−2x P n O 3n+1−x, where n is the number of phosphorus atoms and x is the number of fundamental cycles in the molecule's structure, between 0 and ⁠ n + 2 / 2 ⁠. Pyrophosphate anion. Trimethyl orthophosphate.

  8. 24-Year-Old Woman Enjoying the Beach Is Swept to Her Death by ...

    www.aol.com/lifestyle/24-old-woman-doing-beach...

    A young Russian woman enjoying the beach has died after she was swept away by a large wave in Thailand, multiple news outlets report. Kamilla Beliatskaya, 24, was in Koh Samui, Thailand, on Friday ...

  9. Protein kinase A - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_kinase_A

    In cell biology, protein kinase A (PKA) is a family of serine-threonine kinase [1] whose activity is dependent on cellular levels of cyclic AMP (cAMP). PKA is also known as cAMP-dependent protein kinase ( EC 2.7.11.11 ).