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  2. Double-entry bookkeeping - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-entry_bookkeeping

    The double-entry system has two equal and corresponding sides, known as debit and credit; this is based on the fundamental accounting principle that for every debit, there must be an equal and opposite credit. A transaction in double-entry bookkeeping always affects at least two accounts, always includes at least one debit and one credit, and ...

  3. Generally Accepted Auditing Standards - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generally_Accepted...

    The auditor must state in the auditor's report whether the financial statements are presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The auditor must identify in the auditor's report those circumstances in which such principles have not been consistently observed in the current period in relation to the preceding period.

  4. Audit substantive test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audit_substantive_test

    For example, an auditor may: physically examine inventory as evidence that inventory shown in the accounting records actually exists (existence assertion); inspect supporting documents like invoices to confirm that sales did occur (occurrence); arrange for suppliers to confirm in writing the details of the amount owing at balance date as evidence that accounts payable is a liability (rights ...

  5. Internal control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_control

    Control Activities-the policies and procedures that help ensure management directives are carried out. Monitoring-processes used to assess the quality of internal control performance over time. The COSO definition relates to the aggregate control system of the organization, which is composed of many individual control procedures.

  6. Materiality (auditing) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materiality_(auditing)

    The objective of an audit of financial statements is to enable the auditor to express an opinion on whether the financial statements are prepared, in all material respects, in conformity with an identified financial reporting framework, such as the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) which is the accounting standard adopted by the U ...

  7. XBRL - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XBRL

    The solution to this problem is a formula linkbase that will provide taxonomy creators with many more functions than just simple addition or subtraction. Secondly, the double entry accounting rule requires XBRL taxonomy creators to define the credit/debit nature of monetary elements appearing in the Balance Sheets and Income Statements.

  8. Income statement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Income_statement

    Sankey Diagram - Income Statement (by Adrián Chiogna) An income statement or profit and loss account [1] (also referred to as a profit and loss statement (P&L), statement of profit or loss, revenue statement, statement of financial performance, earnings statement, statement of earnings, operating statement, or statement of operations) [2] is one of the financial statements of a company and ...

  9. Entity-level control - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entity-Level_Control

    The auditor must test entity-level controls that are important to the auditor's conclusion about whether the company has effective internal control over financial reporting. Depending on the auditor's evaluation of the effectiveness of the entity-level controls, the auditor can increase or decrease the amount of testing that they will perform.

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