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  2. Condenser (laboratory) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condenser_(laboratory)

    Condenser (laboratory) A distillation setup using a Liebig-type condenser (the tilted double-walled tube at the center). A liquid (not visible) in the flask at left is heated by the blue mantle to the boiling point. The vapor is then cooled as it goes through the inner tube of the condenser. There it becomes liquid again, and drips into the ...

  3. Miller–Urey experiment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miller–Urey_experiment

    The Miller–Urey experiment was a synthesis of small organic molecules in a mixture of simple gases in a thermal gradient created by heating (right) and cooling (left) the mixture at the same time, with electrical discharges. The Miller–Urey experiment, [1] or Miller experiment, [2] was an experiment in chemical synthesis carried out in 1952 ...

  4. Biomolecular condensate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecular_condensate

    Biomolecular condensate. In biochemistry, biomolecular condensates are a class of membrane -less organelles and organelle subdomains, which carry out specialized functions within the cell. Unlike many organelles, biomolecular condensate composition is not controlled by a bounding membrane.

  5. Condenser (heat transfer) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condenser_(heat_transfer)

    A condenser is designed to transfer heat from a working fluid (e.g. water in a steam power plant) to a secondary fluid or the surrounding air. The condenser relies on the efficient heat transfer that occurs during phase changes, in this case during the condensation of a vapor into a liquid. The vapor typically enters the condenser at a ...

  6. DNA condensation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_condensation

    DNA condensation. Pyrophosphate leaving group in a condensation reaction forming the ribose-phosphate polymer. Condensation of Adenine and Guanine forming a phosphodiester bond, the basis of the nucleic acid backbone. DNA condensation refers to the process of compacting DNA molecules in vitro or in vivo. [1] Mechanistic details of DNA packing ...

  7. Liebig condenser - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liebig_condenser

    The Liebig condenser (/ ˈliːbɪɡ /, LEE-big) [1] or straight condenser is a piece of laboratory equipment, specifically a condenser consisting of a straight glass tube surrounded by a water jacket. In typical laboratory operation, such as distillation, the condenser is clamped to a retort stand in vertical or oblique orientation.

  8. Condensin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Condensin

    In the latter experiments, the activity of individual condensin complexes on DNA was visualized by real-time fluorescence imaging, revealing that condensin I indeed is a fast loop-extruding motor and that a single condensin I complex can extrude 1,500 bp of DNA per second in a strictly ATP-dependent manner.

  9. Protein dimer - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_dimer

    In biochemistry, a protein dimer is a macromolecular complex or multimer formed by two protein monomers, or single proteins, which are usually non-covalently bound. Many macromolecules, such as proteins or nucleic acids, form dimers. The word dimer has roots meaning "two parts", di- + -mer. A protein dimer is a type of protein quaternary structure.