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Black. Owner. U.S. Army. First Flight was a thoroughbred horse used in the production of the first botulism antitoxin. The horse was used as a research animal between 1978 and 1993 to produce antitoxin for military and civilian personnel. Until the 1990s, serum derived from First Flight was the only source of the antitoxin in the United States.
Botulism is a rare and potentially fatal illness caused by botulinum toxin, ... (e.g., horses, cattle, humans), and are present in their excreta. The spores can ...
Clostridium botulinum is a gram-positive, [1] rod-shaped, anaerobic, spore-forming, motile bacterium with the ability to produce botulinum toxin, which is a neurotoxin. [2][3] C. botulinum is a diverse group of pathogenic bacteria. Initially, they were grouped together by their ability to produce botulinum toxin and are now known as four ...
BAT is the only FDA-approved product available for treating botulism in adults, and for botulism in infants caused by botulinum toxins other than types A and B. BAT has been used to treat a case of type F infant botulism and, on a case-by-case basis, may be used for future cases of non-type A and non-type B infant botulism.
Equine nutrition is the feeding of horses, ponies, mules, donkeys, and other equines. Correct and balanced nutrition is a critical component of proper horse care. Horses are non- ruminant herbivores of a type known as a " hindgut fermenter." Horses have only one stomach, as do humans.
Grass sickness is a polyneuropathy affecting the central, peripheral and enteric nervous systems. [1] The majority of visible clinical signs are related to paralysis within the digestive tract although nerve damage occurs throughout the body. There are three forms of grass sickness: chronic grass sickness (CGS) - horses present with severe and ...
In immunology, passive immunity is the transfer of active humoral immunity of ready-made antibodies.Passive immunity can occur naturally, when maternal antibodies are transferred to the fetus through the placenta, and it can also be induced artificially, when high levels of antibodies specific to a pathogen or toxin (obtained from humans, horses, or other animals) are transferred to non-immune ...
Additionally, horses with a hind limb lameness will tend to reduce the degree of leg use. To do so, some horses will reduce the contraction time of the gluteals on the side of the lame leg, leading to a "hip roll" or "hip dip" and appearance that the hip drops a greater degree on the side of the lame leg. [10]
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