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  2. Machine translation of sign languages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_translation_of...

    The history of automatic sign language translation started with the development of hardware such as finger-spelling robotic hands. In 1977, a finger-spelling hand project called RALPH (short for "Robotic Alphabet") created a robotic hand that can translate alphabets into finger-spellings. [2]

  3. Fingerspelling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fingerspelling

    In Italian Sign Language fingerspelled words are produced relatively slowly and clearly, whereas fingerspelling in standard British Sign Language (BSL) is often rapid so that the individual letters become difficult to distinguish and the word is grasped from the overall hand movement. Most of the letters of the BSL alphabet are produced with ...

  4. Stokoe notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stokoe_notation

    Stokoe notation (/ ˈ s t oʊ k i / STOH-kee) is the first [1] phonemic script used for sign languages.It was created by William Stokoe for American Sign Language (ASL), with Latin letters and numerals used for the shapes they have in fingerspelling, and iconic glyphs to transcribe the position, movement, and orientation of the hands.

  5. American manual alphabet - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_manual_alphabet

    ASL Fingerspelling Resource Site Free online fingerspelling lessons, quizzes, and activities. ASL Fingerspelling Online Advanced Practice Tool Test and improve your receptive fingerspelling skills using this free online resource. Fingerspelling Beginner's Learning Tool Learn the basic handshapes of the fingerspelled alphabet. Manual Alphabet ...

  6. American Sign Language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Sign_Language

    American Sign Language (ASL) is a natural language [5] that serves as the predominant sign language of Deaf communities in the United States and most of Anglophone Canada. ASL is a complete and organized visual language that is expressed by employing both manual and nonmanual features . [ 6 ]

  7. Ethiopian sign languages - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_sign_languages

    Machine Translation System for Amharic Text to Ethiopian Sign Language. MA thesis, Addis Ababa University. Thesis download [permanent dead link ‍] Duarte, Kyle. 2010. The Mechanics of Fingerspelling: Analyzing Ethiopian Sign Language. Sign Language Studies 11.1: 5-21. Gebretinsae, Eyob. Vision Based Finger Spelling Recognition for Ethiopian ...

  8. SignWriting - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SignWriting

    For sign language translation, SignWriting text is a useful abstraction layer between video and the natural language processing of sign language. [26] The usefulness of SignWriting in natural language processing was validated with a new method of machine translation that has achieved over 30 BLEU.

  9. Sign language glove - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_language_glove

    A sign language glove is an electronic device which attempts to convert the motions of a sign language into written or spoken words. Some critics of such technologies have argued that the potential of sensor-enabled gloves to do this is commonly overstated or misunderstood, because many sign languages have a complex grammar that includes use of the sign space and facial expressions (non-manual ...