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The siege of Malta in World War II was a military campaign in the Mediterranean theatre.From June 1940 to November 1942, the fight for the control of the strategically important island of the British Crown Colony of Malta pitted the air and naval forces of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany against the Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Royal Navy.
The Additional Conditions for the Armistice with Italy (Italian: Condizioni aggiuntive di armistizio con l'Italia), or the Instrument of Surrender of Italy as referred by the Allies, was a legal document which was signed between Italy and the Allies at Malta on 29 September 1943. [1]
Guglielmo Riamondo Moncada was granted the fief, because he wa a great grandson of Lukina de Malta, and a descendant of Henry, Count of Malta. [17] At this time, the greatest threat to the crown was Artale II Alagona. Artale was a member of the Alagona family, which was a major player in the unrest of 1377–1392.
[66] [67] Aware of Italy's material and planning deficiencies leading up to World War II, and believing that Italy's entry into the war on the side of Germany was inevitable, the English blockaded German coal imports from 1 March 1940 in an attempt to bring Italian industry to a standstill. [68]
The Axis plan to invade Malta had its origin in Italian military studies conducted during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War in the mid-1930s. By 1938, Comando Supremo, the Italian army general staff, had estimated the amount of sea transport it would require to move military forces into North Africa, and identified the seizure of Malta as a prerequisite.
Australians and U.S. for the first time in World War II stop a Japanese offensive (against Port Moresby) • Battle of Guadalcanal: Beginning of Allied action in Solomon Islands. • Battle of Savo Island: Japanese sink four US cruisers. • Battle of Dieppe: Operation Jubilee was an Allied amphibious raid on the German-occupied port of Dieppe ...
[29] [30] [l] On the Western Front of World War II, Italy was the most costly campaign in terms of casualties suffered by infantry forces of both sides, during bitter small-scale fighting around strongpoints at the Winter Line, the Anzio beachhead and the Gothic Line. [31]
Malta-based British aircraft could reach a range as far as Tripoli in Libya to the south, Tunisia to the west and German bases in Italy to the north; on Pantelleria, Sicily, and as far as the port of Naples farther to the north. [2] At the time of the George Cross award, military resources and food rations in Malta were practically depleted.