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Hyperoxaluria is an excessive urinary excretion of oxalate. Individuals with hyperoxaluria often have calcium oxalate kidney stones. It is sometimes called Bird's disease, after Golding Bird, who first described the condition.
Calcium oxalate (in archaic terminology, oxalate of lime) is a calcium salt of oxalic acid with the chemical formula CaC 2 O 4 or Ca(COO) 2. It forms hydrates CaC 2 O 4 · n H 2 O , where n varies from 1 to 3.
Nephrocalcinosis is connected with conditions that cause hypercalcaemia, hyperphosphatemia, and the increased excretion of calcium, phosphate, and/or oxalate in the urine. A high urine pH can lead to nephrocalcinosis but only if it is accompanied by hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia , since having a normal urinary citrate usually inhibits the ...
Kidney stones are caused by high levels of the minerals calcium, oxalate, and phosphorus in urine. These minerals are normally found in urine and do not cause problems at low levels. However ...
Urine microscopy can reveal needle or envelope-shaped calcium oxalate crystals in the urine which can suggest poisoning; although these crystals may not be present until the late stages of poisoning. [29] Finally, many commercial radiator antifreeze products have fluorescein added to enable radiator leaks to be detected using a Wood's lamp.
Calcium oxalate stones in children are associated with high amounts of calcium, oxalate, and magnesium in acidic urine. [130] Treatment of kidney stones in children is similar to treatments for adults, including shock wave lithotripsy, medication, and treatment using scope through the bladder, kidney or skin. [131]
After the development of kidney failure patients may get deposits of oxalate in the bones, joints and bone marrow. Severe cases may develop haematological problems such as anaemia and thrombocytopaenia. The deposition of oxalate in the body is sometimes called "oxalosis" to be distinguished from "oxaluria" which refers to oxalate in the urine.
Crystals that can be found in normal urine include uric acid, monosodium urate, triple phosphate (ammonium magnesium phosphate), calcium oxalate, and calcium carbonate. [124] Crystals can also appear as poorly defined aggregates of granular material, termed amorphous urates or amorphous phosphates (urates form in acid urine while phosphates ...