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A Village Accountant or Karanam (Andhra Pradesh), Patwari (Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Telangana, West Bengal), Patowary (Assam), Talati (Gujarat, Karnataka, Maharashtra), Lekhpal (Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand) is a government role in rural areas of the Indian subcontinent. Introduced during the early 16th century, it was maintained by the British ...
A shujra or shujrah is a detailed village map that is used for legal (land ownership) and administrative purposes in India and Pakistan.A shujra maps out the village lands into land parcels and gives each parcel a unique number.
[1] [2] Khasras traditionally detail "all the fields and their areas, measurement, who owns and what cultivators he employs, what crops, what sort of soil, what trees are on the land.". [1] In Indian Land record system, "Khatauni" is an account book, "Khasra girdawari" is a survey book and "Sajra" is the village map. At village level, patwari ...
The compound word numberdar is composed of the English word number (such as a certain number or percentage of the land revenue) and dar (در from the Persian loan word into Bengali, Hindi, Urdu and Punjabi languages, meaning the bearer, possessor, holder, keeper or owner), [2] thus in this context it means the one who holds a certain percentage of the land revenue.
This system was prevalent in parts of the Gangetic Valley, Uttar Pradesh, the North Western province, parts of Central India and Punjab. [3] The other two systems were the Permanent Settlement in Bengal in 1793 and the Ryotwari system in 1820. It covered the states of Punjab, Awadh and Agra, parts of Orissa, and Madhya Pradesh.
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Pahari-Pothwari is an Indo-Aryan language variety of Lahnda group, [b] spoken in the northern half of Pothohar Plateau, in Punjab, Pakistan, as well as in the most of Pakistan-administered Azad Kashmir and in the western areas of Indian-administered Jammu and Kashmir.