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The viscosity of an aqueous solution can either increase or decrease with concentration depending on the solute and the range of concentration. For instance, the table below shows that viscosity increases monotonically with concentration for sodium chloride and calcium chloride , but decreases for potassium iodide and cesium chloride (the ...
The viscosity of a shear thickening – i.e. dilatant – fluid appears to increase when the shear rate increases. Corn starch suspended in water ("oobleck", see below) is a common example: when stirred slowly it looks milky, when stirred vigorously it feels like a very viscous liquid.
Depending on the solute and range of concentration, an aqueous electrolyte solution can have either a larger or smaller viscosity compared with pure water at the same temperature and pressure. For instance, a 20% saline ( sodium chloride ) solution has viscosity over 1.5 times that of pure water, whereas a 20% potassium iodide solution has ...
At low shear rates, the shear is too low to be impeded by entanglements and the viscosity value of the system is η 0, or the zero shear rate viscosity. The value of η ∞ represents the lowest viscosity attainable and may be orders of magnitude lower than η 0 , depending on the degree of shear thinning.
Pressure on the oar often results in a highly viscous (more solid) thixotropic mud on the high pressure side of the blade, and low viscosity (very fluid) thixotropic mud on the low pressure side of the oar blade. Flow from the high pressure side to the low pressure side of the oar blade is non-Newtonian.
Any equation that makes explicit one of these transport coefficient in the conservation variables is called an equation of state. [9] Apart from its dependence of pressure and temperature, the second viscosity coefficient also depends on the process, that is to say, the second viscosity coefficient is not just a material property.
A heavy liquid is a solution or liquid chemical substance with a high density and a relatively low viscosity. Heavy liquids are often used for determination of density in mineralogy, for density gradient centrifugation and for separating mixtures. A bottle of bromoform, a heavy liquid
The second deviation is shear thickening behavior where, as the shear rate is increased, the viscosity of the system also increases. This behavior is observed because the system crystallizes under stress and behaves more like a solid than a solution. [2] Thus, the viscosity of a shear-thickening fluid is dependent on the shear rate.
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