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The interspinales are short muscle fascicles, found in pairs between the spinous processes of the contiguous vertebrae, one on either side of the interspinal ligament.. In the cervical region, the cervical interspinales are most distinct, and consist of six pairs, the first being situated between the axis and third vertebra, and the last between the seventh cervical and the first thoracic.
The interspinous ligaments (interspinal ligaments) are thin, membranous ligaments that connect adjoining spinous processes of the vertebra in the spine. [1] [2] They take the form of relatively weak sheets of fibrous tissue and are well developed only in the lumbar region. [3] They extend from the root to the apex of each spinous process.
The supraspinous ligament connects the tips of the spinous processes from the seventh cervical vertebra to the sacrum. [1] Superior to the 7th cervical vertebra, the supraspinous ligament is continuous with the nuchal ligament.
The muscles connecting the anterior tubercles are termed the anterior intertransversarii. Those between the posterior tubercles are termed the posterior intertransversarii. Both sets are supplied by the anterior rami of the spinal nerves.
Only skeletal and smooth muscles are part of the musculoskeletal system and only the muscles can move the body. Cardiac muscles are found in the heart and are used only to circulate blood; like the smooth muscles, these muscles are not under conscious control. Skeletal muscles are attached to bones and arranged in opposing groups around joints. [8]
The muscular system is an organ system consisting of skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle. It permits movement of the body, maintains posture, and circulates blood throughout the body. [1] The muscular systems in vertebrates are controlled through the nervous system although some muscles (such as the cardiac muscle) can be
The thoracolumbar fascia (lumbodorsal fascia or thoracodorsal fascia) is a complex, [1]: 1137 multilayer arrangement of fascial and aponeurotic layers forming a separation between the paraspinal muscles on one side, and the muscles of the posterior abdominal wall (quadratus lumborum, and psoas major [1]: 1137 ) on the other.
All dogs (and all living Canidae - wolves, foxes, and wild dogs) possess a similar ligament connecting the spinous process of their first thoracic (or chest) vertebrae to the back of the axis bone (second cervical or neck bone), which supports the weight of the head without active muscle exertion, thus saving energy. [8]