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The Ministry of Law and Human Rights deals with human rights issues in the cabinet, and the National Commission on Human Rights (Komnas HAM), established in Suharto's New Order administration in 1993, is the country's national human rights institution. In 2024, Freedom House rated Indonesia's human rights freedom as 57 out of 100 (partly free). [1]
From 2004–2009, this ministry was known as the Department of Law and Human Rights (Departemen Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia). Since 2009, it has been known as the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights ( Kementerian Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia ).
Following calls for Komnas HAM to inquire into the 1984 Tanjung Priok massacre, the Human Rights Law of 2000 (No. 26) gave it the power to investigate alleged human rights abuses, if necessary by forming ad hoc investigative teams bringing in outside expertise. It issued two reports on the 1984 killings.
Miriam Budiardjo (20 November 1923, Kediri – 8 January 2007, Jakarta) was an Indonesian political scientist and diplomat. Budiardjo was Deputy Chair of the Indonesian National Commission on Human Rights, and she has been credited with co-founding the Faculty of Social Sciences at the University of Indonesia, of which she was Dean for 5 years. [1]
International human rights law (IHRL) is the body of international law designed to promote human rights on social, regional, and domestic levels. As a form of international law, international human rights law is primarily made up of treaties, agreements between sovereign states intended to have binding legal effect between the parties that have agreed to them; and customary international law.
Paul Ham (born 1960) is an Australian author and historian who writes about conflict, religion and the history of ideas. [1] He has published 14 books, mostly with Penguin Random House. His latest is The Soul: A History of the Human Mind .
Ham [a] (in Hebrew: חָם), according to the Table of Nations in the Book of Genesis, was the second son of Noah [1] and the father of Cush, Mizraim, Phut and Canaan. [2] [3] Ham's descendants are interpreted by Josephus and others as having populated Africa. The Bible refers to Egypt as "the land of Ham" in Psalm 78:51; 105:23, 27; 106:22; 1 ...
[1] [2] The exact nature of Ham's transgression and the reason Noah cursed Canaan when Ham had sinned have been debated for over 2,000 years. [ 3 ] The story's original purpose may have been to justify the biblical subjection of the Canaanites to the Israelites , [ 4 ] or a land claim to a portion of New Kingdom of Egypt which ruled Canaan in ...